Philosophy (PHIL)

PHIL 0912. Requirement Preparation. (0 Credits)

For Ph.D. and master’s students, registration necessary to maintain continuous enrollment while preparing for a milestone requirement, such as comprehensive exam, master’s thesis, or dissertation submission. Students who are studying for comprehensive examinations while still completing coursework do not need to register for any special status; however, if they are neither registered for coursework nor taking comprehensive examinations during the semester in question, they must register for Requirement Prep.

PHIL 0914. Requirement Preparation in Summer. (0 Credits)

For Ph.D. and Master's students, registration necessary to maintain continuous enrollment while preparing for a milestone requirement during the summer. (e.g., to be used by Ph.D. students after the oral examination/defense and prior to receiving the degree).

PHIL 0925. PhD Qualifying Papers—Philosophy. (0 Credits)

Doctoral-Qualifying Papers.

PHIL 0930. PhD Comprehensive Examination-Philosophy. (0 Credits)

Doctoral comprehensive exam for doctoral students in philosophy.

PHIL 0932. Master's Special Project. (3 Credits)

Students in the M.A. program have the option of completing a three-credit special project. Faculty members will evaluate the special project on a Pass/Fail basis.

PHIL 0936. Master's Comprehensive Examination-Philosophy. (0 Credits)

PHIL 0938. Masters Thesis. (6 Credits)

Students in the M.A. program have the option of completing a six-credit thesis. Faculty members will evaluate the thesis on a High Pass/Pass/Fail basis.

PHIL 0940. Logic Examination. (0 Credits)

PHIL 0950. Proposal Development. (1 Credit)

PHIL 0960. Proposal Acceptance. (3 Credits)

PHIL 0970. Dissertation Mentoring- Philosophy. (0 Credits)

The Philosophy PhD. student is required to register for Dissertation Mentoring, which has a 3 credit fee, the semester after the student's proposal is accepted.

PHIL 0980. French Language Proficiency. (0 Credits)

Ph.D. students in philosophy must demonstrate a strong level of reading competence, as determined by their advisory committees, in one language other than English. Students register for this zero-credit, pass/fail course when they are prepared to demonstrate such proficiency in French.

PHIL 0981. German Language Proficiency. (0 Credits)

Ph.D. students in philosophy must demonstrate a strong level of reading competence, as determined by their advisory committees, in one language other than English. Students register for this zero-credit, pass/fail course when they are prepared to demonstrate such proficiency in German.

PHIL 0982. Spanish Language Proficiency. (0 Credits)

Ph.D. students in philosophy must demonstrate a strong level of reading competence, as determined by their advisory committees, in one language other than English. Students register for this zero-credit, pass/fail course when they are prepared to demonstrate such proficiency in Spanish.

PHIL 0983. Latin Language Proficiency. (0 Credits)

Ph.D. students in philosophy must demonstrate a strong level of reading competence, as determined by their advisory committees, in one language other than English. Students register for this zero-credit, pass/fail course when they are prepared to demonstrate such proficiency in Latin.

PHIL 0984. Ancient Greek Language Proficiency. (0 Credits)

Ph.D. students in philosophy must demonstrate a strong level of reading competence, as determined by their advisory committees, in one language other than English. Students register for this zero-credit, pass/fail course when they are prepared to demonstrate such proficiency in ancient Greek.

PHIL 0985. Ancient Chinese Language Proficiency. (0 Credits)

Ph.D. students in philosophy must demonstrate a strong level of reading competence, as determined by their advisory committees, in one language other than English. Students register for this zero-credit, pass/fail course when they are prepared to demonstrate such proficiency in ancient Chinese.

PHIL 0986. Portuguese Language Proficiency. (0 Credits)

Ph.D. students in philosophy must demonstrate a strong level of reading competence, as determined by their advisory committees, in one language other than English. Students register for this zero-credit, pass/fail course when they are prepared to demonstrate such proficiency in Portuguese.

PHIL 1000. Philosophy of Human Nature. (3 Credits)

This course is a philosophical reflection on the central metaphysical and epistemological questions surrounding human nature, which includes discussion of some or all of the following problems: the body/soul distinction and the mind/body problem; the problem of knowledge (relativism, skepticism, the objectivity of knowledge, faith, and reason); free will and determinism; self and society (subjectivity, personhood, sociality, historicity, and tradition); and the elements of identity (such as race, gender, sexuality, ability, and socioeconomic status). At least 60% of each section of the course is devoted to readings from Plato, Aristotle, Augustine or Aquinas, and Descartes. Each section includes some writings by at least one contemporary figure and one figure coming from a group traditionally underrepresented in philosophy. Selected sections will be offered as Eloquentia Perfecta I seminars.

Attribute: FRPT.

PHIL 1003. Lost Interlocutor: Philosophy of Human Nature. (3 Credits)

This course examines the philosophical views of pre-Socratic thinkers, Plato, Aristotle, Augustine, Aquinas, Descartes, and Ignatius of Loyola and their connections to contemporary science, religion, and Jesuit education. We analyze primary texts, critique theories, compose philosophical arguments, and critically challenge the thinking of multiple perspectives. These skills comprise the greater philosophical tradition that stems from the ancients to us today. Salient themes of our lives—knowledge, understanding, truth, falsity, doubt, goodness, mortality, reality, evidence, belief, love—stir fundamental questions that need systematic investigation in order to make sense of our human nature and give greater purpose to life. Since this Manresa course satisfies the FCRH first year Eloquentia Perfecta I requirement, it stresses critical spoken dialogue and writing-intensive assignments. It also consists of interactive (and fun) out-of-class learning experiences, and the professor even feeds you at most of these. This course satisfies the Philosophy of Human Nature Core requirement for both FCRH and Gabelli students.

Attributes: FRPT, MANR, PHFR, SL.

PHIL 1010. Introduction to Critical Thinking. (3 Credits)

The course is intended to sharpen a student's ability to think clearly, consistently, critically, and creatively. The course objective considers principles of sound judgment and helps students learn how to recognize and analyze arguments present in ordinary spoken and written language, how to distinguish correct reasoning from incorrect reasoning, and how to construct valid, sound arguments.

PHIL 1999. Tutorial. (1 Credit)

Independent research and reading with supervision from a faculty member.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1003.

PHIL 2999. Tutorial. (2 Credits)

Independent research and reading with supervision from a faculty member.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1003.

PHIL 3000. Philosophical Ethics. (3 Credits)

This course involves philosophical reflection on the major normative ethical theories underlying moral decision-making in our everyday lives. The principal focus of the course is a systematic introduction to the main normative ethical theories, i.e., eudaimonism, natural law ethics, deontological ethics, utilitarianism, virtue ethics, and feminism. The differences among these approaches are illuminated by studying various moral issues. In each section of the course, at least half of the readings will be selected from Aristotle and Kant. Each section will include writings by at least one contemporary figure and one figure coming from a group traditionally underrepresented in philosophy.

Attributes: HHPA, HUST, PETH.

Prerequisites: PHIL 1000 or PHIL 1003 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103 or HPLC 1001.

PHIL 3109. Environmental Ethics. (4 Credits)

This senior values seminar surveys major theories in environmental ethics dealing with our moral duties regarding nature: for example, environmental stewardship, sustainable development, environmental justice, ecological virtue ethics, animal rights, biocentrism, Leopold's land ethic, and ecological feminism. It has not only philosophical but also scientific, economic, political, and design dimensions as it deals with such topics as global warming, alternative energy, pollution control, suburban sprawl, deforestation, biodiversity loss, and the prospect of a sixth mass species extinction event threatening the future of human and nonhuman life as we know it. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: ENMI, ENST, ENVS, EPLE, ESEJ, ESEL, PHMP, PJEN, PJST, SOIN, SRVL, URST.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

Mutually Exclusive: PHIL 4409.

PHIL 3115. Paradoxes in Value and Morality. (4 Credits)

Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3125. Hume's Ethics. (4 Credits)

David Hume famously (or infamously) declared that “[r]eason is, and ought only to be the slave of the passions, and can never pretend to any other office than to serve and obey them” (THN 2.3.3). But what does moral theory look like when feelings are the foundation for morality? In this course, we will explore Hume’s sentimentalist moral theory, examining Hume's "A Treatise on Human Nature" and "An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals," along with supplementary excerpts from Hume’s letters and essays, and occasional pieces of secondary literature. We will study Hume's views on meta-ethics, moral psychology (the passions/emotions and sympathy), moral motivation and freedom, moral judgment, virtue (including justice), and happiness. While this course is primarily focused on Hume's own views, we will also engage with present-day Humean positions in moral philosophy. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attribute: PHMP.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3130. Philosophy of Law. (4 Credits)

This course examines the nature and philosophical foundations of law, with a focus on the relations of justice and morality, and various theories of law, including natural law, legal realism, legal positivism, feminist legal theory, and critical race theory. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attribute: PHMP.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3131. Philosophy of Economics. (4 Credits)

Economics grew out of philosophy, carrying forward key philosophical ideas that continue to operate as grounding assumptions, goals, and regulatory ideals in the discipline. Some of these philosophical ideas have been challenged on the grounds of realism, coherence, usefulness, consequences, and compatibility with important values like justice, fairness, human dignity, democracy, liberty, equality, and the general welfare. Philosophy of Economics analyzes, criticizes, and creatively rethinks both classical and contemporary texts that deploy and challenge the philosophical ideas that continue to guide economics as a discipline that has great influence in framing and rationalizing public policy. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attribute: PHMP.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3140. Market Failures, Public Goods, and Justice. (4 Credits)

This course focuses on a fundamental question for social justice: Which goods and services should be provided by free markets, which should generally be supplied by nonprofits (NGOs), and what is the remainder that should be secured by government? No economic background is assumed on the part of the student, but the course will examine economic conceptions of public goods that markets cannot optimally supply, as well as debates about expanding this category. We will consider arguments that some choices concern objective goods and harms that should not simply be left up to consumer decisions in free markets, and consider what the institutional preconditions of effective markets include. A range of public goods, including some at the global level, will also be debated. Readings will include recent popular works on types of market failure that are now widely debated, some philosophical work on public goods, and an introduction to elementary game theory with simple matrices. We will also consider a few recent articles and book chapters arguing that some functions often performed by government should be taken over by the nonprofit sector, and will question what social justice concerns the rapid growth of this sector may raise. Students of all political orientations are welcome! Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: PHMP, PJEC, PJST.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3145. Democracy and Constitutional Order: Classical American Philosophy. (4 Credits)

Democratic justice has two main poles: popular sovereignty and constitutional order. Founders of the American federal government in the Revolutionary period sought to balance these values, but the idea that people might vote for slavery brought them into crisis. This forced civic republicans, including Lincoln, to articulate the moral preconditions of legitimate democracy in a clearer way. With federalist arguments for more centralized power as a starting point, this course will consider alternative conceptions of democratic justification that emerged from the American debates with an eye to contemporary applications. In particular, we will clarify and debate proposed constitutional reforms that are being considered today. Note: Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attribute: PHMP.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3181. Philosophy of Technology. (4 Credits)

This course will explore the philosophy of technology, seeking to understand the way in which technology is transforming our relationships to ourselves, to other people, and to our world. Guiding questions for the course include: What is technology? Is technology necessarily good or bad for human flourishing, or is just neutral? How are science and technology related? Do we need a special ethics of technology? The course will explore multiple traditions and historical periods, with special emphasis on analytic and continental philosophy in the 20th and 21st centuries. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attribute: PHHN.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3195. Political Libertarians and Critics. (4 Credits)

An exposition and critique of political libertarianism - a philosophical theory developed by Ayn Rand, Hayek, Friedman, Nozick, Naveson and others - that has come to dominate neoconservative political thought in the U.S. We will read major libertarian texts and criticisms by David Gauthier, Hazlett, Rawls, Singer, and other defenders of public goods. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: AMST, ASRP, PHMP.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3200. Introduction to Logic. (4 Credits)

A study of the methods and principles that distinguish correct argumentation. Attention is given both to the nature of argument and to its applications. Topics discussed include induction, deduction (including symbolic notation) and the common fallacies. Note: Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: LING, PHKM.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3204. Symbolic Logic. (4 Credits)

Humans are capable of altering their behavior, verbal and otherwise, in light of deductive consequences and in conformity with standards of logical consistency. Although Aristotle, the Stoics, and others developed formal techniques for the evaluation of logical consequence and consistency, the early 20th Century witnessed an unprecedented expansion in the scope and power of those techniques through the construction of formal languages based on mathematical principles. Students consider the modern development of formal logical techniques including propositional logic, first-order logic, and if time permits, a system of intentional logic (e.g. modal logic), and then explore some of the philosophical issues surrounding them. Note: Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: LING, PHKM.

Prerequisites: PHIL 1000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3230. How to Keep an Open Mind: Philosophical and Scientific Perspectives. (4 Credits)

Our world is full of information that we can use to learn truths and correct our mistakes, but it is often difficult to recognize when and how to take advantage of it. When should we have an open mind and when should we stop looking into matters? And what are possible steps we can take to keep our minds open? The course will explore a series of issues on this topic from the perspectives of philosophy and the social sciences, including the nature of epistemic virtue and vice, informational aggregation and “the wisdom of crowds,” rational ignorance, precommitment, adversarial inquiry, and more. Note: Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attribute: PHKM.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3235. Theories of Knowledge. (4 Credits)

Analysis and study of the central issues in epistemology; illusion and reality, sense perception, and reason; extent, validity and limitations of human knowledge. Classical and contemporary texts. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attribute: PHKM.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3238. Idealism and Realism. (4 Credits)

Do minds have a privileged position in the world? Do objects, moral values, beauty, and truth exist independently of the mind? Or might objects, moral values, beauty, and truth depend in some way on minds? And if so, how? This course will examine various answers to these and related questions from both historical figures and contemporary figures.

Attribute: PHME.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3243. Philosophy of Cognitive Science. (4 Credits)

Unlike inanimate objects such as rocks, we are aware of the world around us. Energy from the sun heats both the rock and you, but unlike the rock you also feel the heat, you know that it comes from the sun, you can understand what it is, and can think about it even when it is absent. How exactly are we able to do this? What makes us capable of thinking, feeling, and perceiving? Cognitive science is an interdisciplinary attempt to answer questions like these. This course explores some of the dominant research programs in cognitive science with an eye to understanding and critically evaluating the philosophical assumptions on which they depend. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: NECG, NEUR, PHKM.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3245. Mind, Language, and World. (4 Credits)

This course covers a range of important topics at the intersection of philosophy of mind, philosophy of language, and metaphysics. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attribute: PHME.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3250. Problems in Epistemology. (4 Credits)

This course explores central problems in recent epistemology with a focus on debates regarding rational belief, defeasible reasoning, and the nature of evidence. The course will highlight methodological questions concerning the scope and purpose of epistemological reflection and theorizing Note: Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attribute: PHKM.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3253. Relativism and Philosophy. (4 Credits)

This course analyzes and evaluates various forms of contemporary relativism: epistemological, ontological, and moral. It also investigates whether human rationality is so diverse as to be relativistic in nature. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attribute: PHKM.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3254. Philosophy of Perception. (4 Credits)

This course examines a selection from the many contemporary philosophical debates about our perceptual awareness of the external world. The course involves issues in epistemology (e.g. what is perceptual information?), philosophy of mind (e.g. representationalism, perceptual content), neuroscience (e.g. how does the visual system work?), and metaphysics (e.g. color theory). Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: NECG, NEUR, PHKM.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3257. Skepticism. (4 Credits)

Skepticism about the possibility of knowledge, and in particular about our knowledge of the external world, has a long history, from Sextus Empiricus to Hume and Berkeley up to a wide array of present-day debates. As it is plausible that epistemological theory emerges from a dialectic with skepticism, analysis of skeptical arguments gives substance to our claims to have achieved knowledge. This course examines many of these arguments, historical and contemporary. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attribute: PHKM.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3258. Relativism and Skepticism. (4 Credits)

On the road to knowledge, skepticism is a "go slow" or perhaps a "stop" sign, while relativism says "the speed limit is yours to determine". Both views challenge sedate norms of epistemology and each other. This course examines in detail contemporary versions of skeptic and relativistic claims about our knowledge of and judgments about, the world and ourselves. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attribute: PHKM.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3266. Philosophy of Science. (4 Credits)

Critical appreciation of the relation of the physical and social sciences to philosophy. The course takes a historical and systematic approach, dealing with the methods and theories of science from the 17th to the 20th century from a philosophical perspective. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: BEHR, BIOE, PHKM.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3267. Feyerabend’s Philosophy of Science. (4 Credits)

Feyerabend (1924-1994) was an innovative thinker who proposed a radical philosophy of science drawing on the factive history of science (rather than the myth of science). Participants will read his "Against Method" in addition to selections from his other works, including his reflections on empiricism and epistemology and on his commitment to pluralism and humanitarianism as well as his posthumous (unfinished) "Conquest of Abundance." Note: Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attribute: PHKM.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3301. Problem of God. (4 Credits)

A systematic study of the existence of God, of His nature, of His relation to the world. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: AMCS, PHME, REST.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3306. Faith After the Death of God. (4 Credits)

Can belief in God be justified, or are there compelling reasons to suspend judgment or to believe that there is no God? This course will debate the rationality of faith after death of God and the rise of atheism in modernity. The course will investigate whether it is rational to believe in God and what would be the epistemological foundations necessary for beliefs about the existence of God or about the nature of God. Students will examine proofs for the existence of God from classic sources, e.g., Aristotle, Neo-Platonism, Augustine, Aquinas, and rationalism, as well as from defenders of skepticism and atheism. Students will read major authors on these questions, both classic and contemporary, such as Hume, Kant, Nietzsche, Aquinas, Plantinga, Feser, Eliade. Note: Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attribute: PHKM.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3307. Faith and Rationality. (4 Credits)

The course will focus on the rationality of belief in God. What is required for belief in God to be rational? Are there any proofs that God exists? Does the fact of evil in the world prove that God does not exist? What role does religious experience play in the justification of religious belief? Emphasis on contemporary authors. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: PHKM, REST.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3310. Issues in Philosophy of Law. (4 Credits)

This course will examine and critically evaluate different accounts of the nature of law; the relationship between law and morality; the rule of law and constitutional government; judicial review and interpretation; foundations of private law; the foundations of public law. These and related issues in the philosophy of law shall be discussed and illustrated by reference to specific legal cases and controversies. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attribute: PHMP.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3330. Philosophy of Religion. (4 Credits)

The course will focus on issues in the philosophy of religion from the view point of the divine attributes. Traditional proofs for God's existence, forms of evidentialism and anti-evidentialism, and dilemmas concerning divine simplicity, foreknowledge, as well as the problem of evil, will be treated. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: PHME, REST, RSTE.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3348. Concepts and Reality. (4 Credits)

In the Critique of Pure Reason, Immanuel Kant raised the question of how concepts relate to reality. This course will examine 20th and 21st century attempts to answer Kant’s question. Topics discussed may include (1) the nature of concepts, (2) varieties of conceptual schemes, (3) the distinction between descriptive and revisionary metaphysics, and (4) intentionality; authors discussed may include Robert Brandom, John McDowell, Peter Strawson, and Wilfrid Sellars. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attribute: PHME.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3350. Problems in Metaphysics. (4 Credits)

Nature and methods of metaphysics, our knowledge of being, self-identity and process, the unity and interrelationship of beings, action as unifying principle, causal explanation. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: PHME, REST.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3354. Problem of Evil. (4 Credits)

"Do bad things that happen prove that there is no God? This course shall focus on this question and consider what has been said about it form ancient times right up to what people are saying about it today. We shall pay attention to what has been argued for and against the existance of God given that there is much that is bad in our world. We shall try also to evaluate what a number of philosphers have said about this fact." Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: AMCS, PHME.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3355. Metaphysics. (4 Credits)

This course introduces students to major metaphysical questions and problems, such as free will and determinism, persistence through time, necessity and identity, possible worlds, universals and particulars, change, substance, causation, realism vs. anti-realism, and the prospects of immortality. Note: Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attribute: PHME.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3360. Contemporary Metaphysics. (4 Credits)

An examination of some issues in metaphysics, with an emphasis on 20th and 21st century texts and figures. Topics may include universals and particulars, space and time, constitution, identity and persistence, free will, necessity and possibility, the mind-body problem and causation. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attribute: PHME.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3412. Philosophy of Emotions. (4 Credits)

Through class discussions, lectures and readings, this course aims, in phenomenological fashion, to analyze human emotions as lived conscious experiences. Stress is placed on the central importance of emotions in human life. The realm of feeling is related to physical and mental health; to knowing and willing; to art, morality and religion. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attribute: PHHN.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3422. Harry Potter and Philosophy. (4 Credits)

This course will use the Harry Potter novels to explore several central themes in philosophy, and will use philosophical analysis to interpret the books and their cultural impact. Some central topics of the course will include: the nature and relationships of minds, souls, and bodies; the conflict of good and evil and some related issues in moral psychology and the ethics of ‘love’; metaphysical implications of the magical world of HP and its enchantment of muggles. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: ACUP, AMST, ASAM, ASLT, ASRP, CCUS, COMC, COMM, PHHN.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103 or HPLC 1001.

PHIL 3425. Philosophy and the Jesuit Tradition. (4 Credits)

This course offers a philosophical and theological analysis of foundational Jesuit texts—the "Autobiography of St. Ignatius Loyola," "The Spiritual Exercises," and "The Formula of the Institute"—situating them in connection to other currents of thought, both historical and contemporary. Topics considered include the nature of mysticism, the relation of theory and practice, pedagogy and discernment, and the social structure of desire. Readings will include such authors as Thomas a Kempis, Pascal, Schleiermacher, Hegel, Rahner, J-L Marion, and M. Henry. Note: Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: PHHN, THEO.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3501. Ancient Philosophy. (4 Credits)

This course aims to acquaint the student with the basic problems and directions of Western philosophy as developed in its early and decisive phase by the principal thinkers of ancient Greece, Pre-Socratics, Plato, Aristotle and Plotinus are among the figures that can be treated, as well as Stoicism and Epicureanism. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: CLAS, OCHS, OCST, PHAN, REST.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3502. Pre-Socratic Philosophy. (4 Credits)

Participants in this course will explore the tradition of philosophy as Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle knew and responded to this tradition. Particular attention will be paid to ancient theories of the physical world and the universe as well as to the influence on contemporary thinkers, such as Nietzsche and Heidegger. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: CLAS, PHAN.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3504. Stoics and Skeptics. (4 Credits)

This course is an examination of philosophy during the extraordinarily dynamic era that began after Alexander the Great had spread Hellenistic ideals throughout the ancient world. The course will enter into the debates among the five major schools of Hellenistic philosophy - Stoicism, Skepticism, Cynicism, Epicureanism and Neo-Platonism. Students will read representative authors from each school, but since philosophy was regarded as a way of life during this period, students will read authors from many walks of life, such as the Roman emperor, Marcus Aurelius, the statesman, Cicero and the Poet, Virgil. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: CLAS, PHAN.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3520. Philosophy of Aristotle. (4 Credits)

Perhaps no philosopher in the history of the world has been as influential in as many ways as Aristotle. A paragon of insight, systematicity, and rigor, he has inspired philosophers for over two thousand years. He remains an icon of Western intellectual culture, and his influence can be discerned even now in fields as diverse as history, theology, rhetoric, theatre, psychology, metaphysics, biology, law, political theory, ethics, and logic. This course introduces students to key features of his philosophical framework. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: CLAS, MVPH, MVST, PHAN.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3522. Aristotle's Ethics. (4 Credits)

This course will be an advanced treatment of Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics. We will examine the text cover to cover as well as utilize a running commentary on the text. We will study some of the major questions about the ethics: what is the precise scope of eudaimonia, can non-aristocrats practice his ethics, why is courage limited to the battlefield, is Aristotle's account of justice coherent, how are we supposed to practice the intellectual virtues, and how is genuine friendship supposed to be a case of loving another when it is based on self-love? Note: Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attribute: PHAN.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3525. Philosophy of Plato. (4 Credits)

This course is a general introduction to Plato’s thought on ethics, epistemology, and metaphysics as represented by dialogues from his early and middle periods. Readings from the early dialogues will include the Euthyphro, Apology, Crito, and the Protagoras. Readings from the middle dialogues will include the Meno, Phaedo, Gorgias, Phaedrus, and the Republic. No previous study of Plato is required. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: CLAS, MVPH, MVST, PHAN.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3526. Plato: The Unread Dialogues. (4 Credits)

Although Plato wrote at least 28 dialogues, his philosophy is usually taught from only a few, such as the Apology, Meno, Phaedo, and Republic. This course examines his philosophy as expounded in the many dialogues seldom read in undergraduate courses. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: CLAS, PHAN.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1102 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3530. Philosophy After Constantine. (4 Credits)

This course will discuss some of the various ways in which the Christian East was influenced by and employed ancient philosophy in order to grapple with central philosophical questions such as the nature of the soul, its relation to the body, human freedom and choice, fate and providence, the pursuit of virtues and vices, the role of reason and of beauty, and the divine energies. Thinkers discussed may include Gregory of Nyssa, Nemesius of Emesa, Maximus the Confessor, and John of Damascus. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: MVPH, MVST, PHAN.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3552. Medieval Philosophy. (4 Credits)

The origins of medieval philosophy. The Carolingian renaissance. Anselm. Abelard and 12th-century humanism. Philosophical currents of the 13th century; introduction of Aristotle into the University of Paris; the reaction of the Augustinian philosophers to Aristotle; Bonaventure, Aquinas and Siger of Brabant. Duns Scotus. William of Ockham and the rise of nominalism. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: MVPH, MVST, OCHS, OCST, PHMD.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3557. Confessions of Augustine. (4 Credits)

A study of St. Augustine's most popular philosophical work, The Confessions. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: AMCS, CLAS, MVPH, MVST, OCHS, OCST, PHMD, REST, RSHR.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3559. Dante and Philosophy. (4 Credits)

By examination of the Divine Comedy and other works by Dante, this course will consider such important philosophical themes and divine providence, free choice of the will, the sources of ethics, and the nature of happiness. The course will involve study of various ancient and medieval thinkers whom Dante used to explore the perennial questions of human existence. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: MVPH, MVST, PHHN.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3560. Philosophy of Aquinas. (4 Credits)

Historical setting, doctrinal influences, themes of knowledge and the meaning of person; metaphysics and God; freedom and ethics; and reason and revelation. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: MVPH, MVST, PHMD.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3565. Four Medieval Thinkers. (4 Credits)

This course introduces the thought of Augustine, Anselm, Aquinas and Buridan, and its influence on the development of medieval philosophy, especially in the philosophy of mind and natural theology Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: MVPH, MVST, PHMD, REST.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3570. Beauty in the Middle Ages. (4 Credits)

This course will be an investigation of medieval theories of beauty and aesthetics. Classic texts will be drawn from three periods: antiquity, the early Middle Ages, and thirteenth-century Scholasticism. Authors will include Plato, Plotinus, Augustine, Dionysius the Pseudo-Areopagite, Bonaventure, and Aquinas. A component of the course will examine certain moments in medieval art in order to investigate the relation between theory and art. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: MVPH, MVST, PHMD.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3591. Medieval Political Philosophy. (4 Credits)

An investigation of the major political theories of the Middle Ages from the collapse of the Roman Empire in the West until the eve of the Protestant Reformation. Students will read the classic texts of this era from Augustine's "City of God" to Masilius of Padua's "The Defender of Peace." Special attention will be given to different theories of kingship and of the basis of political authority and the relationship between papacy and empire. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: MVPH, MVST, OCHS, OCST, PHMD, PJRJ, PJST.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3600. Descartes and the Rationalists. (4 Credits)

The course considers the great rationalist systems of philosophy on the continent in the pre-Kantian period. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attribute: PHCM.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3601. Modern Philosophy. (4 Credits)

A history of philosophy from Descartes to contemporary times, including Spinoza, Leibniz, Locke, Berkeley, Hume, Kant, Hegel and others. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attribute: PHCM.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3604. Rationalists and Empiricists Epistemologies. (4 Credits)

This course will address the epistemological problems stemming from Descartes’ “methodological skepticism” and their proposed solutions in early modern philosophy ranging from Descartes through British Empiricism to the rationalism of Kant. The course will also trace the conceptual roots of the problems of modern epistemologies in late-medieval philosophy, and seek their resolutions for contemporary philosophy through this historical analysis. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attribute: PHCM.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3606. Early Modern Philosophy: Self and World. (4 Credits)

In this class, we will read, examine, and interpret the works of several figures in Early Modern philosophy (roughly the 17th and 18th centuries). Along with the revolutions in scientific theory and practice that characterized this period, there were revolutions in the ways we understand fundamental philosophical questions and their possible answers. Some of the topics we will focus on are the nature of the human being as a thinking and feeling creature, the gendered human being, the human being in relation to other animals, and the human being in relation to other human beings. Readings will be chosen from Montaigne, de Gournay, La Boetie, de las Casa, Hobbes, Cavendish, Locke, Descartes, Elisabeth of Bohemia, Malebranche, de Lambert, du Chatelet, Hume, Voltaire. Note: Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: ACUP, PHCM.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3609. Modernity and Its Critics. (4 Credits)

The debate about modernity looms larger than ever: is it to be rejected or defended? This course will investigate major thinkers of modern philosophy and its political orders leading up to the Enlightenment, such as Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau, and will explore the question of what constitutes “the Enlightenment project.” After examining major elements of “modernity,” students will turn to influential critics, both from pre-modern and post-modern perspectives, who have been calling us to reject modernity, in whole or in part, whether because of its claims to universal reason, its illusory notion of the self, its conquest of nature, its abandonment of the classical ideal of the virtues, or its secularism and loss of transcendence and meaning. In the final section of the course, readings will turn to modernity's recent defenders. Students will be asked to weigh in on the debate over modernity and to find their own voice in dialogue with modernity’s defenders and critics. Note: Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attribute: PHCM.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3610. Ethics in the Enlightenment. (4 Credits)

This course studies ethical themes, theories, and debates through the period of time broadly known as the Enlightenment. Topics covered may include: the relationships between ethics and aesthetics, ethics and politics, and ethics and religion; the role of the emotions in ethics; the challenges posed by ethical diversity and controversy; and the development of specific theories, including utilitarianism, sentimentalism, Kantian deontology, and virtue ethics. Authors studied may include Hobbes, Spinoza, Locke, Shaftesbury, Hutcheson, Mandeville, Butler, Rousseau, Hume, Voltaire, Diderot, Montesquieu, Smith, Condorcet, de Grouchy, de Vastey, Wheatley, Cugoano, Wollstonecraft, de Gouges, Bentham, Kant, and Lessing. Note: Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: COLI, PHCM.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3620. Immanuel Kant. (4 Credits)

A study of Kant's philosophy concentrating on the Critique of Pure Reason. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attribute: PHCM.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3622. Kierkegaard. (4 Credits)

Known occasionally as the “founder of existentialism,” Søren Aabye Kierkegaard (1813-1855) had a profound and lasting impact on philosophical reflection on the nature of the self, faith, ethics, rationality, and the possibility and meaning of philosophical discourse more generally. This course will take a comprehensive approach to Kierkegaard’s thought, reading selections from both his pseudonymous works and religious discourses, as well as looking at those, like Heidegger, Sartre, and de Beauvoir, among others, who were significantly influenced by Kierkegaard’s writings. Note: Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attribute: PHCM.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3623. Marx as a Philosopher. (4 Credits)

Karl Marx is more commonly approached as an economist, sociologist, or political theorist than as a philosopher. But this class will explore the original philosophical positions offered by Marx as well as the philosophical basis and results of his often polemical exchanges with others. Topics include Marx’s philosophy of history, philosophical anthropology, materialist critique of idealism, as well as his normative social and political philosophy. We will also discuss Marx’s theory of revolution and his stance on the limits of philosophy itself. The goal is to develop the possible internal consistency, social applicability, and limits of Marx’s philosophy. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: PHCM, PJSJ, PJST.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3630. Nietzsche. (4 Credits)

Participants will discuss Nietzsche’s reflections on tragedy and music before going on to his Human, All-too Human as well as his reflections on the ‘death of God’ in “The Gay Science.” Readings include his best known but arguably most difficult book, “Thus Spoke Zarathustra.” Topics to be explored include current debates on transhumanism, including the affirmation of life and the body. Additionally, we will underscore posthumanism and what Nietzsche called ‘loyalty to the earth.’ Reading “Beyond Good and Evil” with its sequel, “On the Genealogy of Morals,” this course foregrounds Nietzsche’s theory of knowledge, including the ‘Prejudices of the Philosophers’ in “Twilight of the Idols.” Reading his “Ecce Homo” as a companion throughout, we will reflect on Nietzsche’s “the eternal return of the same” along with his negative ontology—“no truth,” “no facts”—and the ubiquity of ‘Will to Power.’ Note: Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attribute: PHCM.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3631. 19th Century Philosophy. (4 Credits)

Study of post-Kantian developments in philosophy. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attribute: PHCM.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3643. Heidegger: Being and Time. (4 Credits)

A course on Martin Heidegger's Being and Time, one of the most important philosophical works of the twentieth century. Readings in addition to noteworthy commentary will include some of the political controversies associated with Heidegger's thought. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: COLI, PHCO.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3652. Contemporary French Philosophy. (4 Credits)

This course introduces the work of French thinkers from the 20th and 21st centuries. Themes under consideration might be subjectivity, violence, justice, embodiment, and epistemology. Figures covered may include Badiou, Deleuze, Derrida, Foucault, Irigaray, Kofman, Le Doeuff, Lyotard, Merleau-Ponty, and Ranciere. Reference may also be made to recent developments of French theory in the Anglo-American context, including in feminist theory and social and political philosophy. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: AMST, ASRP, COLI, INST, ISEU, JWST, PHCO.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3653. Latin American Philosophy. (4 Credits)

This course will introduce students to select texts in Latin American and Caribbean Philosophy. Central themes will include the (persistent) effects of the colonial period, the inheritance of various European philosophies, and the possibility of a distinctive Latin American Philosophy. Currents and thinkers may include Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz, Simon Bolivar’s influence, Leopoldo Zea and Positivism, the Negritude Movement in Martinique, Liberation theology and philosophy, and Latina/o Thought in North. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: AMST, ASRP, COLI, INST, ISLA, LAHA, LAIN, LALS, PHCO, PJSJ, PJST.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3655. Philosophy and Language. (4 Credits)

Early in the 20th Century, philosophy took what has been called "the linguistic turn." While continental structuralists and post-structuralists developed theories according to which all concepts are interpretative, in analytic philosophy, positivists tried to reduce many key questions of metaphysics and epistemology to issues of usage. This course will survey major contemporary theories of sense, reference, and meaning that have developed since the mid-20th century, explaining their methodological implications for the analysis of other philosophical topics. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: COLI, PHKM.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3656. Languages and Identities. (4 Credits)

This course examines the relationships between the languages we speak and who we are, with a particular focus on the role that translation might play in expanding our horizons. We will study works by thinkers from Africa, the Caribbean, Europe, and North America, uncovering differences and connections across a diverse range of linguistic, cultural, and intellectual contexts. Note: Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: COLI, GLBL.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3661. Husserl and Heidegger. (4 Credits)

This course investigates the nature, methods, and development of phenomenology through a study of its two major, German thinkers. The course will compare and contrast the views of Husserl and Heidegger on (1) the concept and method of Phenomenology; (2) intentionality; and (3) subjectivity. It will also illustrate the differences between the two by examining their failed collaboration on the Encyclopedia Britannica entry for phenomenology. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attribute: PHCO.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3662. Merleau-Ponty: Philosopher of the Body. (4 Credits)

This course is devoted to an intensive study of one important and innovative book: Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s Phenomenology of Perception, one of the most groundbreaking and influential works of philosophy in the 20th century. Rejecting the assumption that mind and body are separate, Merleau-Ponty offers an account of the sensorimotor body as the subject of experience rather than giving that role to consciousness or a disembodied mind. His rich, first-person, descriptive account of perception demonstrates that the animate body in sensation and movement is our original meaning-making relation to the world. While our study will focus on reading systematically through this single primary text, we will also have a few readings that contextualize influences on Merleau-Ponty, as well as his impact on current scholarship. Note: Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attribute: PHCO.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3663. Philosophies of Translation. (4 Credits)

In this course, we will study different theories of translation, reading historical and contemporary texts primarily from Anglo-American, European, and African traditions of philosophy. Particular attention will be paid to ethical and political issues connected to translation, and to the relationship between translation and philosophical thought and practice. Note: Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attribute: PHKM.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3664. Contemporary Thomism. (4 Credits)

A study of recent Thomistic thought, beginning with Leo XIII's encyclical Aeternis Patris. This course will focus on such figures as Jacques Maritain, Yves Simon, Joseph Pieper, and Karol Wojtyla in dialogue with other contemporary philosophical schools of thought. Special attention will be given to topics such as the difference between power and authority, natural law theory, the metaphysics of existence, and realist epistemology. Note: Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: PHCO, THEO.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3665. Philosophy and Judaism in the 20th Century. (4 Credits)

This course is devoted to the thought of Jewish philosophers in the 20th century on such topics as the ethical encounter between self and other; chosenness and election; Jewish-Christian relations; redemption and messianism; forgiveness and hospitality; as well as responses to the Shoah, to Zionism, and to the Palestinian question. We will take up these themes as discussed in the texts of such thinkers as Franz Rosenzweig, Martin Buber, Simone Weil, Walter Benjamin, Jean Wahl, Emmanuel Lévinas, Hannah, Arendt, Vladimir Jankélévitch, Jean-François Lyotard, Jacques Derrida, and/or Judith Butler. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: COLI, JWST.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3667. Philosophy of Space and Time. (4 Credits)

Space and time are fundamental features of the physical universe in which we live, and are essential to our consciousness of the world. Philosophers from Augustine to Leibniz and Kant have asked what time is, whether it is a real feature of the causal order of nature or rather imposed by our conscious experience. Developments in 20th century physics and philosophy have forced us to rethink the relation of space and time, reconsider whether the future might be as real as the past, and whether time really "moves" forward. The course will explore the leading contemporary theories and draw connections with developments in science. No advanced background in physics is required. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attribute: PHME.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3670. Existentialism. (4 Credits)

A survey of themes in the main 19th and 20th century existentialist writers, such as Jean-Paul Sartre, Martin Heidegger, Soren Kierkegaard and Friedrich Nietzsche. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: COLI, INST, ISEU, PHCO.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3671. Phenomenology and Existentialism. (4 Credits)

An investigation of themes central to the development of phenomenology and existentialism. Themes to be studies might include methodology, intentionality and consciousness, subjectivity, anxiety or dread, embodiment, emotions, the Other, authenticity, freedom, agency and action, history and historicity, the individual versus community, social and political responsibilty. Readings will be drawn from Edmund Husserl, Martin Heidegger, Jean-Paul Sartre, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Soren Kierkegaard, and Friedrich Nietzsche. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attribute: PHCO.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3672. Continental Philosophy of Religion. (4 Credits)

An introduction to contemporary philosophy of religion from a Continental perspective, considering issues of religious experience, the manifestation (or "truth") of faith, and/or a philosophical analysis of religious practices. The course may include texts from thinkers such as Paul Ricoeur, Jean-Luc Marion, Michel Henry, Jean-Louis Chrétien, Jean-Yves Lacoste or John D. Caputo. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: PHCO, PHHN.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3673. Existentialism and Literature. (4 Credits)

Existentialism and Literature seeks to examine how the ideas of existentialist philosophy--in such thinkers as Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, Heidegger, Marcel, Sartre, Camus, Blanchot and Merleau-Ponty--are expressed in and through literature. Alongside philosophical writings, we will read literary works by such writers as Dostoevsky, Rilke, Kafka, Sartre, de Beauvoir, and Camus. Themes include the nature and structure of the self; authenticity and inauthenticity; alienation and the fear of death; meaning and meaninglessness, and the existence or absence of God. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: COLI, PHCO.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3674. Philosophy of the Novel. (4 Credits)

A philosophical consideration of the novelistic form as a phenomenon of modernity and in relation to myth and tragic consciousness. Readings will be from authors such as Euripides, Racine, Pascal, Freud, Lukacs, Goldmann, Freud, and Girard. Note: This four-credit course will be reading-intensive. In addition to the philosophical literature, students will be expected to read Flaubert's "Madame Bovary" and Dostoevsky's "Demons" in their entirety. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: COLI, PHHN.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103 or HPLC 1001.

PHIL 3701. Human Rights Theories: Foundations and History. (4 Credits)

This course will introduce students to the main philosophical theories of human rights, including both “political-legal” accounts and “moral” (or orthodox) theories that focus on the “inherent dignity” of persons. The main goal is to understand and evaluate proposed justifications and critiques of human rights in historical context. We will consider how western conceptions of human rights grew out of natural law and early modern accounts of natural rights—especially in Enlightenment ethical thought—before being globalized in the 20th century. The course will include readings addressing challenges based on cultural differences, and non-Western approaches to human rights. While considering 20th- and 21st-century proposals, we will also assess libertarian opposition to social and economic rights, and whether human political rights have different grounds than basic personal liberties. We will also consider historical and imaginative examples, and how to understand more specific human rights as opposed to highly general categories. But the focus of this course is on the philosophical accounts, rather than on ways that human rights inform global institutions and connect with issues concerning global justice more broadly. Note: Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: IPE, PHMP, PJSJ, PJST.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3702. Rights, Justice, and Global Governance. (4 Credits)

This course introduces students to three philosophical accounts of global justice, and related weaker and stronger conceptions of regional and global governance institutions that may be needed to realize global justice. To evaluate institutional proposals, we will use some elementary game theory to explain the concept of global public goods, along with a handful of closely related economics concepts that are useful in evaluating global trade, finance, the work of international NGOs, treaty regimes, and other global systems. No background in these areas is assumed; everything needed will be supplied in the course content. Using these tools, we will consider cases that illustrate threats and obstacles, including military and economic pressures from tyrannical regimes, democratization, extreme poverty and popular growth, environmental challenges and sustainable resource use, oppression of women, and certain emerging technologies. We will also explore how human rights ideals may be qualified or appear differently within such an institutional framework and a sketch of “basic structures” at regional and global levels.This course builds on Theories of Human Rights but that is not a prerequisite. The course does not cover treaties and concepts related to Just War Theory in any depth, as these are the focus of another elective. The course involves no ideological litmus test; all political views (including agnosticism) are welcome in our conversations. Note: Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: PHKM, PJCR, PJEC, PJST.

Prerequisites: HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103 or PHIL 3000.

PHIL 3703. The Notion of Human Dignity: Meaning and Justification. (4 Credits)

The notion of human dignity enjoys unprecedented popularity and special status today. The importance of human rights and the requirement to respect the rights of each person are based on the notion of human dignity. Many countries and regional organizations have incorporated dignity into their constitutions. Activists from different social movements use human dignity to justify their claims and actions. The fight against global poverty, discrimination, torture, and all inhumane treatments, as well as the condemnation of injustice, are based on human dignity. This essential notion is used in the legal field for the interpretation and application of legal texts. The moral philosophy of Immanuel Kant has greatly contributed to the expansion of the popularity of human dignity. His resumption of this theme and his effort to incorporate it into systematic thinking have succeeded in raising dignity on the altar of the secular approach and giving it a special status. This special status raises the question of the justification of human dignity: Why do individuals have a dignity that justifies the requirement to respect their rights? The answer to this question depends on the perspective from which one speaks from a religious, philosophical, or experiential point of view. This course aims to explore these three approaches to human dignity. Note: Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attribute: PHMP.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3710. Healthcare Justice. (4 Credits)

This course focuses on intersections between philosophical theories of justice and healthcare. Topics covered include distributive justice and issues involving scarce resources, such as the allocation of organs to transplant, prioritization for ICU beds in a pandemic, and triage methods in disaster scenarios; issues of social, political, and structural justice, such as access to tertiary care, social determinants of health, and structural competency in medical education; and issues of epistemic justice, such as allegations of medical error, assessments of medical expertise, and judgments of patients’ decisional capacity and competency. Note: Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: BEHR, BIOE, PHMP.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3711. Humanitarianism and Philosophy. (4 Credits)

We are all familiar with aid agencies asking for donations to support their life-saving work. Often these appeals aim to stimulate compassion for the suffering of distant strangers in ways that prompt us to act. This course takes humanitarian action—broadly construed as organized attempts to alleviate the suffering of distant strangers—as a point of departure for analyzing a range of issues using the tools of moral and political philosophy. We will attempt to better understand the nature and scope of our moral obligations to distant strangers as well as the nature and value of moral sentiments like compassion and their relation to justice. We will engage different frameworks for evaluating various modes of humanitarian action by non-governmental organizations, governments, and international bodies. We will also critically examine the modes of representation used to portray the suffering of distant strangers. Note: Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: HHPA, HUST, INST, ISIN, PHMP, PJCR, PJST.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3712. Global Environment and Justice. (4 Credits)

Ethical principles of sustainability and an "endowment model" of intergenerational justice applied to the world's largest-scale environmental problems, such as usable land and food yields, fresh water supplies, loss of rainforests and biodiversity, clean air and global warming, fossil fuels and alternative energies, and population growth and poverty. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: BEHR, ENMI, ENST, ESEJ, ESEL, GLBL, HHPA, HUST, INST, ISIN, PHMP, PJCP, PJEN, PJST, SOIN.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3713. Human Rights and Global Justice. (4 Credits)

This interdisciplinary class will focus on the development of the human rights paradigm in international law and philosophical questions about how we can justify universal basic rights. For example, are universal rights consistant with a wide array of varying cultures and ways of life? Are concepts of rights somehow inherently "western" or "individualist", and can relativist doubts about human rights be answered? We will also look at some debates about the content of such rights, e.g. rights to educational opportunity, to welfare or subsistence, to basic health care, to membership in a culture, to immigration, to a sustained environment and other controversial cases. We will also consider humnitarian intervention in the name of rights, problems with the UN system, and ways that the international order could be restructured if we take seriously the idea that there are universal basic rights to freedom from tyranny and to development out of poverty. Note: Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: HHPA, HUST, INST, ISIN, LAHA, LALS, PHMP, PJSJ, PJST.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3714. Kant and Hegel. (4 Credits)

This course will examine the relationship between the philosophical writings of Immanuel Kant and G.W.F Hegel. Kant's philosophy was understood by many of his contemporaries primarily as a philosophy of freedom, and in the first part of this course we will attempt to understand the pivotal role that the relationship between nature and freedom plays in both Kant's theoretical and moral writings. During the second part of the course, we will examine both Hegel's criticisms of Kant's philosophy and the ways in which Hegel's philosophy, neverthless, attempts to develop particular Kantian insights. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attribute: PHCM.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3715. Kant on Morality and Religion. (4 Credits)

In the 18th century, Immanuel Kant developed a theory of autonomy that revolutionized moral and religious thought. This course will examine Kant’s moral philosophy and philosophy of religion in writings like the Critique of Practical Reason, Critique of Pure Reason, Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals, Metaphysics of Morals, and Religion within the Boundaries of mere Reason. Topics discussed may include (1) Kant's categorical imperative, (2) Kant's theory of human autonomy, (3) Kant's concept of God, (4) Kant's theory of moral belief in God and immorality, (5) Kant's treatment of the problem of evil, and (6) Kant's view of the relationship between morality and revealed religion. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: BEHR, BIOE, PHCM.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3716. Hegel and His Successors. (4 Credits)

An introduction to the philosophy of Hegel (focusing on the Phenomenology of Spirit) with a consideration of some important 19th & 20th century interpretations and criticisms. Note: Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attribute: PHCM.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3720. African American Philosophy. (4 Credits)

Using texts by Frederick Douglass, Sojourner Truth, W.E.B. DuBois, Alain Locke, Martin Luther King, Jr., Malcolm X, James H. Cone, Angela Davis, Cornel West, Patricia Hill Collins, Howard McGary, William E Lawson, Leonard Harris, Lucius Outlaw and others, this course will focus on pillars, prophets and prospects for African American philosophy, a 'philosophy born of struggle' created by profound critical and transformative voices from times of chattel slavery to the present that plays an influential role in American philosophy and American society today. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: ADVD, AFAM, AMST, ASRP, COLI, PJSJ, PJST, PLUR, WGSS.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3722. Native American Philosophy. (4 Credits)

This seminar-style course will explore the philosophical contributions of Native Americans (also known as American Indians, and best known by the names these diverse people have given themselves), including insights about how to preserve our biotic community and to live with one another amidst our American pluralism in ways that are spiritually satisfying. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: ACUP, ADVD, AMST, ASRP, COLI, ENST, ESEJ, ESEL, PJEN, PJST, PLUR.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3725. Philosophies of Race. (4 Credits)

This course presents a survey of philosophical approaches to questions of race and racism. The approaches discussed may include the historical perspectives on race (on questions of the social ontology of race and analyses of the emergence of race in the colonial context), phenomenological perspectives (interrogating how racialization works on the level of the self and identity), political perspectives (in relation to contemporary political institutions such as the prison industrial complex), and intersectional theories of race (interrogating how race interlocks with other categories of oppression, such as gender and sexuality). Note: Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: ACUP, AMST, APPI, ASHS, ASRP, COLI, PHHN.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3731. Philosophy of the City. (4 Credits)

This course interweaves philosophical reflections on the nature and need of cities, from ancient times to the present, with classical and contemporary works on: urban planning theory and practice, sociology, economics; and political science: Readings will include Jane Jacobs, The Death and Life of Great American Cities; Sharon M. Meagher, ed., Philosophy and the City; Classic to Contemporary Writings, Richard T. LeGates and Frederic Stout, ed., The City Reader (Sixth Edition); and Margaret Kohn, The Death and Life of the Urban Commonwealth. Note: Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: AMST, ASRP, PHHN.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3753. Philosophy of the Islamic World. (4 Credits)

This course introduces students to the basics of philosophy in the Islamic world from how the translations of Greek philosophy into Arabic were used until Averroes’s response to al-Ghāzālī. Covering the major thinkers of 400 years, approximately 200–600 AH/800–1200 CE, it will highlight the primary developments in Islamic philosophical thought, focusing on the innovations made in metaphysics. Note: Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: ISTP, MVPH, MVST, PHME.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3756. Chinese Philosophy. (4 Credits)

A study of the philosophical traditions of Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism (including Ch'an, which spread to Japan as Zen) with special attention to the tension between ethico-political and mystical-religious dimensions of these traditions. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: CNST, GLBL.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3757. Japanese Philosophy. (4 Credits)

This course introduces students to major figures and concepts in Japanese philosophy, including Dōgen, the founder of Soto Zen, and his concept of "being-time"; Nishida Kitarō, the founder of the Kyoto School, and his concept of "pure experience"; and two of Nishida’s students, Watsuji Tetsurō and his concept of “betweenness" and Kuki Shūzō and his concept of “detachment." The course also introduces a number of other well-known figures in Japanese philosophy, including those in the Japanese philosophical canon and those who are currently gaining recognition both in Japan and internationally. Note: Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attribute: GLBL.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3759. Buddhist Philosophy. (4 Credits)

The course is a historically-based introduction to Buddhist philosophy that gives students a basic understanding of the central ideas, issues and approaches in the various Buddhist traditions. Students will be encouraged to bring Buddhist philosophy into dialogue with some Western philosophical perspectives. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: CNST, GLBL, INST, ISAS, REST.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3770. Daoist and Zen Philosophy. (4 Credits)

An examination of the classic Chinese texts of philosophical Daoism (Daodejing and Zhuangzi) and the related schools of Chinese Chan and Japanese Zen Buddhism. We will balance discussion of these traditions in their original Asian context with assessment of their relevance for contemporary issues such as personal well-being and environmental ethics. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: CNST, GLBL, INST, ISAS.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3800. Internship. (3 Credits)

Internship.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3810. Democratic Theory. (4 Credits)

Democratic theory draws on diverse intellectual, historical, and philosophical traditions to analyze and propose solutions to issues of identity, community, inclusion, capabilities, powers, opportunities, and sustainability as these emerge within contemporary living in the realms of politics, economics, ethics, and culture. In this course, students will study the historical development of democratic theory, some of the contemporary issues on which democratic theorists focus, and some of the differing methods and perspectives that theorists from diverse philosophical traditions—e.g., analytic, pragmatic, continental, and critical-theoretical—bring to these issues. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attribute: PHMP.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3815. Political Philosophy. (4 Credits)

This course explores various conceptions of justice on both national and international levels, from the perspective of contemporary political philosophy. Topics include distributive justice, the politics of recognition, reparations for past injustices, the process of transition from unjust to just regime, global justice, and environmental justice. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attribute: PHMP.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3850. Hermeneutics. (4 Credits)

Hermeneutics is the philosophical theory and practice of interpretation. The course will focus especially on Hans-Georg Gadamer’s and Paul Ricoeur’s philosophical approaches to understand and interpreting texts and experiences in the realms of art, history, religion, literature (especially narrative), formation of the self, politics and justice. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: COLI, PHKM.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3865. Critical Theory of the Frankfurt School. (4 Credits)

This course traces the development of the Frankfurt School of critical social theory, which began in 1920s Frankfurt and combined Hegelian-Marxist philosophy with Freud and Weber. We read philosophers who inspired this tradition (Marx, Lukacs) and those who were central in its development (Adorno, Horkheimer, Marcuse, Fromm, Habermas). Topics may include alienation and reification; the foundations of critical theory and ideology critique; critiques of the "culture industry," technology, and instrumental reason; and attempts to expand this tradition by theorizing about gender and race. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: JWST, PHCO.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3901. Philosophical Issues of Feminism. (4 Credits)

Philosophical exploration of issues raised by historical and contemporary reflection on the relationship between the sexes. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: PHHN, WGSS.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3903. Philosophy and Feminist Theory. (4 Credits)

A philosophical exploration of issues raised by historical and contemporary reflection on the relationship between the sexes. In this course, we will explore how the tradition of philosophy has responded to gender and account for the struggles to bring feminist discourse to philosophical theory. We will examine the connections between Marxist, post-modern, existentialist and phenomenological theories to the issues of women and gender-identity politics. Counts for Women's Studies. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: COLI, PHHN.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3904. Feminist Philosophy. (4 Credits)

A survey of feminist philosophy, focusing on its contributions to social and political philosophy. Balances historical and issue-based approaches, surveying feminist contributions to philosophical accounts of rights, equality, and personhood, as well as power and oppression, liberation and resistance, subjectivity and sociality. Figures studied may include Mary Wollstonecraft, Simone de Beauvoir, Shulamith Firestone, Gayle Rubin, bell hooks, Catharine MacKinnon, Marilyn Frye, Nancy Fraser, Sandra Bartky, Iris Marion Young, Audre Lorde, Patricia Hill Collins, Monique Wittig, Judith Butler, Sally Haslanger, and Martha Nussbaum. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: ACUP, AMST, APPI, ASHS, ASRP, JWST, PHMP, PJGS, PJST, WGSS.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3905. Philosophy of Disability. (4 Credits)

This course deals with disability as a philosophical concept, asking what disability is and how disability relates to how one lives a good life. It will cover a variety of issues surrounding disability, such as whether there is any coherent definition of disability at all, what the different candidates for the definitions of disability are, who gets to define what disability is and why, the value of testimony, and the role of social movements in defining disability. Note: Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: DISA, DIUL, PHHN, PJSJ, PJST.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3906. Emotions and the Good Life. (4 Credits)

Whereas Oscar Wilde thought "The advantage of the emotions is that they lead us astray," Francis Bacon thought the emotions were essential to our experiencing the world as we do: "For a crowd is not company; and faces are but a gallery of pictures; and talk but a thinking cymbal, where there is no love." George Santayana thought our humanity diminished without a proper emotional life: "The young man who has not wept is a savage, and the old man who will not laugh is a fool." This course will investigate the nature of the emotions, their relation to cognition, and the role they play in the good life for humans. Readings will be drawn from authors as diverse as Aristotle, Descartes, Hume, William James, Jean-Paul Sartre, and Nancy Sherman. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attribute: PHHN.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3907. Existentialist Feminism. (4 Credits)

Existential Feminism includes the classical existentialism of Jean-Paul Sartre in dialogical exchange with the feminist thinking of Simone de Beauvoir. Philosophies like Nietzsche, Heidegger, Bataille, Merleau-Ponty, Marcuse, Foucault, and Bourdieu (via the sociology of Michel de Certeau), in addition to Lacanian psychoanalytic theory can illuminate thinkers like Luce Irigaray but also, and in another context, the writings of authors like Elfriede Jelinek and the political thinker, Hannah Arendt. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attribute: PHCO.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3908. Philosophy of Happiness. (4 Credits)

The class examines the major theories of happiness in the Western philosophical tradition. Attention will also be given to some religious traditions, Asian philosophies, and contemporary discussions of happiness in philosophy and psychology. Throughout there will be consideration of the relationship between happiness and morality. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attribute: PHHN.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3910. Shakespeare and Aquinas. (4 Credits)

A philosophical study of human emotions by reading "in tandem" certain plays of Shakespeare and the treatises by Thomas Aquinas on the passions and on human nature in general. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: MVPH, MVST, PHMD.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3920. Evil Choices. (4 Credits)

What makes a bad choice evil? And what motivates somebody to do evil? Are only morally depraved persons capable of making evil choices? Or can an evil choice be made by someone who might be considered good or even admirable under other circumstances? Is it possible to choose evil for evil’s sake? Or is every evil choice motivated by a desire to obtain some good, for oneself or for others? This course explores these questions with the help of great philosophers throughout history. We consider ancient accounts of evildoing (Plato and Aristotle), medieval views on Lucifer (Augustine, Anselm, and Aquinas), modern approaches to radical evil (Kant), and contemporary reflections on the Holocaust. We will also read some contemporary psychological research. Our goal is not only to better understand evil, but also to shed some light on human nature and our capacity to choose good in the face of evil. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attribute: PHHN.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3930. Philosophy and Literature. (4 Credits)

Philosophy and Literature is devoted to the study of philosophical theories of literature, including studies of literary and poetic language, of the relationship between literary and other kinds of knowledge, of the philosophical meaning of literary works, and of questions regarding the status of the author and reader in the work of literature. The course covers readings from the history of philosophy and from recent philosophical and literary sources. Philosophers and authors studied include Plato, Aristotle, Nietzsche, Heidegger, Iser,Blanchot, Bachelard, Sartre, Nehamas, and de Bolla, as well as literary works by Rilke, Proust, Moravia, and writers of Holocaust literature. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: COLI, OCST, PHHN.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3935. Ethics and Mental Health. (4 Credits)

This course focuses on concepts central to our understanding of mental health, ways in which those concepts impact categorization and treatment of mental disorder, and ethical issues that arise in mental health care contexts as well as concerning mental health in wider social contexts. Note: Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attribute: PHMP.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3940. Neuroethics. (4 Credits)

As research into the brain and the mind has advanced, distinctive ethical issues have arisen in neuroscience, neurology, and neural engineering, constituting a growing field of inquiry known as neuroethics. This course will introduce neuroethics through a discussion of topics such as changes to identity through neural stimulation and pharmaceuticals, disorders of agency, disorders of consciousness, cognitive and moral enhancement, addiction and responsibility, traumatic brain injury, lie detection and neuroimaging, memory loss and manipulation, artificial intelligence, brain death, and neurodiversity. Note: Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: BEHR, BIOE, NECG, NEUR, PHMP.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3943. Philosophy and Science Fiction. (4 Credits)

The genre of science fiction is used to explore philosophical topics and questions related to the most fundamental, existential, and meaningful aspects of human experience, such as: What does it mean to be human, or a person, and why does that matter? What is the purpose of life? Are technological advances a blessing or curse? Moreover, good philosophical theorizing can help us imaginatively inhabit disparate worlds, to explore the boundaries of what exists, what could be possible, and even what should be the case. This course will cover topics predominant in science fiction, which may include: transhumanism, consciousness and personhood, personal identity and social situatedness, race and gender, the nature of time and time travel, free will, possibility and other worlds, and the meaning of life. Note: Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: COLI, PHHN.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3944. Philosophy and Poetry. (4 Credits)

Philosophy has engaged poetry since Plato and Aristotle and has been articulated, as it is famously said, in "poetic" terms from its inception with Anaximander's first fragment as well as Parmenides, Empedocles, and Heraclitus. We will discuss Plato’s political and epistemological views on poetry in addition to Nietzsche, often regarded as a poet, along with Heidegger on Rilke and Hölderlin and Stanley Cavell on Wallace Stevens. Note: Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: COLI, PHHN.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3945. Philosophy and Art. (4 Credits)

Philosophy and Art is a course in philosophical aesthetics for upper-level students with interests both in philosophy and in the various artistic and literary disciplines. Starting from a historical survey of discussions of art, we consider issues such as mimesis and representation, the ontological and epistemological value of art, the structure of artistic experience, and the status of the artist as the origin of the work of art. Readings include selections from Plato, Aristotle, Hume, Kant, Hegel, Nietzsche, Freud, Dewey, Merleau-Ponty, Heidegger, Danto, Foucault and de Bolla, and are presented in conjunction with studied attention to works of visual art as well as works in other media. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: COLI, PHHN.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3947. Philosophy of Imagination. (4 Credits)

Imagination plays a pivotal role in our mental lives and in our engagement with the world. But what is imagination, and what are its uses? There is a long tradition of philosophers seeking to define imagination, to situate its role as a mental faculty, to clarify the relationship between imagination and perception, to pinpoint imagination’s epistemic uses and shortcomings, and to elaborate on the connection between imagination, creativity, and art. This course explores the development of the concept of imagination in the philosophical tradition as well as in the contemporary literature. Emphasis is placed on how historical models of imagination continue to shape and inform a number of fascinating controversies surrounding imagination and its role in human life. Note: Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attribute: PHKM.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3970. Humanity's Value. (4 Credits)

Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: BEVL, BIOE.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3975. Philosophy as a Way of Life. (4 Credits)

This course considers the role of philosophy in a happy life. Is a philosophical reflection necessary for a life worth living? Special attention will be given to the ancient Greek conception of philosophy as a way of life, especially in the writings of Plato and the Stoics, but modern understandings of philosophy will be considered as well. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attribute: PHHN.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3977. Love, Emotion, and Meaning. (4 Credits)

This course explores several varieties of love – romantic love, friendship, and agapic regard – using recent work on the nature of love and other types of cares that make life meaningful. We also survey recent philosophical approaches to emotions as involving disclosure or perception of value, and consider whether authentic love and caring depends on emotional sincerity as opposed to sentimentalism. Readings include samples from both continental and analytic works accessible at an introductory level. The course presupposes no prior background in moral psychology or ethical theory. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attribute: PHHN.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3978. Philosophy and Digital Media. (4 Credits)

Participants in this course will examine the classic distinction, beginning with Plato, between orality and literacy, with an overview of the signal changes in mass reproduction from books to lithographs, photographs, film, and audio recording to today’s digital, online and cell-phone mediated culture, including texting and the Twitter and Instagram suffusion of everyday life, old new media like faxes and email, not to mention the ever changing varieties of social media, blogs, feeds, etc. To explore the changes wrought by the various technological means of ‘reproduction,’ ‘communication,’ and ‘representation,’ on human life and expression, authors to read include Walter Benjamin and Martin Heidegger as well as Theodor Adorno, in addition to McLuhan, Anders, Kittler, Baudrillard, and a bunch of ever changing new names. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attribute: PHHN.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3979. Philosophy and Media. (4 Credits)

Philosophy has been concerned with media since Plato’s Phaedo. Beginning with a discussion of orality and literacy and moving to explore so-called “new media,” including cell phone accessibility and its texting culture to the Twitter and Instagram suffusion of everyday life, faxes/email, Facebook, YouTube, etc. Participants will also review the signal change in the 19th C. from traditional print forms to photography, films, and recording. Examining the change wrought by technological means of reproduction on human life and expression. Possible authors include Benjamin, Adomo, Illich, de Certeau, Anders, Kittler, Attali, Baudrillard, Vinilio, and Laruelle. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attribute: PHHN.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3980. Contemporary Issues in Metaethics. (4 Credits)

Metaethics steps back from moral debates to ask metaphysical, epistemological, and semantic questions about morality itself. The metaphysical questions seek to understand the nature of morality, asking questions such as: are there objective moral facts, or is morality culturally determined? If there are objective moral facts, are they like scientific facts? The epistemological questions seek to understand how we can know or be justified in believing moral claims. The semantic questions seek to understand what we mean when we use moral terms: are we making truth claims or are we just expressing our feelings? In this course, we will explore contemporary answers to these kinds of questions. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: BEHR, BIOE, PHMP.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3981. Ethics and the Internet. (4 Credits)

More and more of us are living our lives online, and much of our social infrastructure is increasingly mediated by digital networks. These realities present us with a host of new ethical and political questions. For example, is the internet good for ordinary users, or does it represent a massive threat to their mental or physical health? What has become of the right to privacy in the digital age? What should we think about the idea that social media users are actually products and not consumers? Do social media sites represent important tools for positive social change, or do they promote and enable violence and extremism? And what should we make of the potentially disturbing phenomenon of online shaming? In this course, students will engage with all of these questions, examining both classic and recent work by moral philosophers and social theorists. Students will leave this course better equipped to understand and critically analyze the internet and the role it plays in our lives. Note: Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attribute: PHMP.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3990. Environmental Worldviews and Ethics. (4 Credits)

Survey of environmental philosophy worldviews and ethics such as the universe story, deep ecology, the land ethic, zoocentrism, biocentrism, ecofeminism, ecotheology, utilitarian economics, environmental pragmatism, ecological virtue ethics, and environmental justice. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: AMST, ENST, ENVS, ESEJ, ESEL, INST, ISIN, PHMP, PJEN, PJST.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 3999. Tutorial. (3 Credits)

Independent research and reading with supervision from a faculty member.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 4001. Politics and Biopower. (4 Credits)

This course will examine the recent trend in Continental Philosophy that makes central the concept of life in understanding contemporary politics. The primary focus will be on the work of Michel Foucault and Giorgio Agamben, with readings also by Carl Schmitt, Hannah Arendt, Judith Butler, and others. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: BEHR, BIOE, PHMP.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 4044. Modern Ethical Theories. (4 Credits)

This course is an introductory survey of major theories and themes in twentieth-century moral philosophy. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: BEHR, BIOE, PHMP.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 4205. Seminar: Justice and Social Identity. (4 Credits)

This senior values seminar examines the multicultural environment of today's Western democracies which demands group recognition that challenges prevailing conceptions of justice and selfhood, and forces philosophers to rethink how our personal identify is formed and interpreted in relation to society. Ethnic and cultural aspects of personal identity and their implications for pressing issue in democratic justice will be studied. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: EP4, HHPA, HUST, PJRC, PJST, VAL.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 4301. Happiness and Well-Being. (4 Credits)

An investigation into the nature and value of happiness and well-being (understood as connected concepts) from the perspective of both psychology and philosophy. Emphasis will be placed on research about the topic in each discipline, but efforts will also be made to explore fruitful interactions between the two disciplines in understanding the topic. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attribute: ICC.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 4302. Environmental Policy and Ethics. (4 Credits)

This seminar is designed primarily for philosophy, environmental studies and natural science majors and presuppose substantial previous course work in one or more of these disciplines. Using these disciplines, the ethical dimensions of environmental problems will be explored from an interdisciplinary perspective. Requirements include a 40 page essay blog, three class presentations, and a hands-on learning practicum outside of class (minimum 1 hr per week). Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: AMST, APPI, ASHS, ASRP, ENMI, ENST, ESEJ, ESEL, ICC, PJEN, PJST.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 4303. Human Error: Philosophical and Psychological Perspectives. (4 Credits)

This course takes error in human judgment and reasoning as its central topic. Human error is something we know about firsthand: we all make mistakes. That's a platitude, but in this course we will try to say more. Through reading and discussion of classic and recent work by philosophers and psychologists, we'll think carefully about error and the significance of error for our intellectual lives. What factors lead us to err? What kinds of mistakes are there to make? What's the reasonable response to learning that we may have make an error? What can be done to get things right more often? Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attribute: ICC.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 4304. The Philosophy and Economics of Law. (4 Credits)

This course examines the different ways in which philosophers and economists think about the law, with a focus on property, tort, contract, and criminal law. Readings are both historical and contemporary. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: BIOE, ICC.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 4305. The City as Text: Modernity and Moderism in London. (4 Credits)

This course examines the relationship between theoretical ideas of modernity and the literature and art criticism of modernism, with London as its cultural geography. Philosophical descriptions of modernity and theories of Marx, Darwin and Freud serve as a basis for understanding transformations in human self-understanding that characterize the mid 19th to early 20th centuries. We examine modern literary works influenced by these transformations, all written and set in London, by Dickens, Kipling, Rhys, Woolf, Eliot, Yeats, and the modernist art critics Fry and Hulme. Interconnections between theory, literature, and art are emphasized through readings and excursions in the city. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 4310. Human Rights in Context. (4 Credits)

Human rights have become a universal language of protest. When and how did this happen? What are human rights and how are they justified? Do they mean the same thing in all the contexts in which they are invoked around the world? To address such questions we focus on how different methodologies – mainly historical, philosophical, and ethnographic – produce knowledge about human rights. For instance, what can we learn by identifying historical continuities and discontinuities between different conceptions of rights? What can we learn about human rights from the kind of conceptual analysis that many philosophers do? How can the “thick description” of ethnography help us understand the meaning and effects of human rights discourse in various settings? Finally, can historical, philosophical, and ethnographic approaches to human rights be fruitfully combined? Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: BEHR, ICC, PJCR, PJIN, PJST.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 4315. Jane Austen and Moral Philosophy. (4 Credits)

This course will examine the novels of Jane Austen as works of moral philosophy, asking both how these works of fiction can be considered as such and also what moral questions and positions we can find in them. Moral topics to be considered include the role of emotions in morality, moral education and the cultivation of virtue, moral perception and judgment, and the relation of the individual to society. We will also read selections from works (philosophical and literary) by authors who were near contemporaries of Austen’s, including Samuel Johnson, David Hume, Jane Collier, Hannah More, Adam Smith, and Mary Wollstonecraft. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: COLI, ENGL, ICC.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 4320. Utopias and Dystopias. (4 Credits)

This course will explore a variety of human efforts to imagine and build the perfect world, along with the flip side of those efforts—imagining worlds as a way of critiquing existing injustices, inequities, and systemic flaws. We will examine the ongoing tension between utopia and dystopia, tracing the efforts to secure the difficult-to-reconcile values of welfare and justice, autonomy and security, individuality and community, among others. We will also explore how utopian and dystopian thought responds to the pressing issues in different moments in history, including concerns about collectivity and sociality, feminism and gender, racism, colonialism, classism and labor inequities, speciesism, and environmentalism. Our readings will be drawn from a range of genres, and authors will include Plato, Aristophanes, Tao Yuanming, Valmiki, Thomas More, Francis Bacon, Jonathan Swift, Margaret Cavendish, Mary Shelley, Christine de Pisan, Sarah Scott, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, Edward Bellamy, Samuel Butler, Henry David Thoreau, B.F. Skinner, George Orwell, Kazuo Ishiguro, Ursula Le Guin, and Octavia Butler. Note: Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: COLI, EP4, VAL.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 4366. Scientific Progress and the History of Science. (4 Credits)

Scientific progress is astounding. In a few short centuries, human civilization has gone from not knowing what the speed of light is, to measuring gravitational waves in distant galaxies and sending messages to one another on invisible electromagnetic waves that permeate the space around us. But understanding exactly what it means to say that progress was made in a particular episode in the history of science is a difficult historical and philosophical puzzle. Our class focuses on characterizing scientific progress, and to do so, we’ll draw on resources from both the history of science and the philosophy of science. Note: Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attribute: ICC.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 4370. Nature, History, and the Anthropocene. (4 Credits)

This course is designed for philosophy, history, and anthropology students interested in animal studies, human-animal relations, and historicity of non-human animals. Anthrozoological remains refer to the traces left behind by the interactions between humans and animals. These traces can take various forms, from historical records and narratives to material artifacts and cultural expressions. By exploring these remains with a philosophical perspective, we aim to gain deeper insights into the complexities of our shared history and understand the impact of human-animal relationships on societies and ecosystems. We will start questioning conventional historical narratives and grapple with the implications of the Anthropocene, a geological epoch defined by significant human impact on Earth's geology and ecosystems. This exploration sets the stage for our endeavor to understand nature and history beyond the human perspective, acknowledging the role of climate and non-human entities in shaping the narrative of our past. Building on this foundation, this course aims to understand how different species have shaped human societies and explore the agency exhibited by animals in their relationships with humans. Throughout the semester, we will examine the human-animal divide that has shaped societies across different historical periods to reflect on how justice can be extended to animals within human societies and the role friendship plays in shaping ethical considerations in our relationships with animals. This course will focus on the questions such as: How does the Anthropocene redefine our understanding of history? In what ways does climate contribute to the unfolding of historical events? How can we deconstruct grand narratives to understand the Anthropocene more critically? What insights can cross-cultural perspectives provide about human-animal relationships? How has history shaped our understanding of animals? What agency do different species exhibit in their relationships with humans? How have human-animal relationships evolved across different historical stages? What is the significance of the human-animal divide in shaping societies? How can justice be extended to animals within human societies? What role does friendship play in shaping ethical considerations in our relationships with animals? Note: Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attribute: ICC.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 4405. Freedom of Expression and Toleration. (4 Credits)

This course will examine ethical and political questions regarding freedom of expression and toleration. We live in a world of diverse viewpoints and diverse religious beliefs. In the United States, the freedom to express these viewpoints and exercise those religious beliefs is guaranteed by the First Amendment. But what ethical and political values can be taken to underlie these rights? How should the state act in order to uphold those ethical and political values? How should the state act in order to uphold those ethical and political values? How should individuals react when encountering viewpoints and beliefs at odds with their own? And how might underlying ethical and political values guide us regarding controversial cases of free expression? This course will attempt to answer these questions. The course will focus primarily on the philosophical foundations of free express and religious toleration but will also consider how those philosophical foundations relate to further controversial cases of speech. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: EP4, VAL.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 4407. Gender, Power, and Justice. (4 Credits)

The seminar examines the impact of gender norms, roles and assumptions on the moral structure of social life. The seminar will draw on the extensive materials available from feminist theory of ethics, law, and society; the developing body of work on the cultural construction of masculinity, and its moral and social impacts; and new interest in gender differences and women's welfare in global context. The subject cannot fail to be fundamental to student's personal experiences of social and political life. especially as they make the transition from college years to the workplace or to professional training. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: ADVD, AMST, APPI, ASHS, EP4, VAL, WGSS.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 4408. Hospitality and Cosmopolitanism. (4 Credits)

This course examines contemporary approaches to hospitality as it relates to "otherness" and cosmopolitanism. Issues addressed include personal and political forgiveness, representations of cultural and racial "others" in media and literature, and the relation between the search for identity and openness to foreigners. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: EP4, OCHS, OCST, VAL.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 4409. Environmental Ethics. (4 Credits)

This senior values seminar surveys major theories in environmental ethics dealing with our moral duties regarding nature, including environmental stewardship, sustainable development, environmental justice, ecological virtue ethics, animal rights, biocentrism, Leopold's land ethic, and ecological feminism. It has not only philosophical but also scientific, economic, political, and design dimensions, as it deals with such topics as global warming, alternative energy, pollution control, suburban sprawl, deforestation, biodiversity loss, and the prospect of a sixth mass species extinction event threatening the future of human and nonhuman life as we know it. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: ENMI, ENST, EP4, ESEJ, ESEL, INST, ISIN, PJEN, PJST, VAL.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

Mutually Exclusive: PHIL 3109.

PHIL 4410. Love and Empire. (4 Credits)

The course is an examination of philosophy as practiced in ancient Rome. The Romans took to philosophy just as the Republic was teetering on the brink of collapse and the Empire taking shape. In this era, most people sought peace but found only strife. Some insisted that the purpose of life was pleasure, others duty. Nearly all agreed that there was no time for academic obscurities, only the big questions: the meaning of life, the possibility of knowing, the nature of love, the value of friendship, the best form of government, the rightness of empire, and the character of death. Philosophy was a passionate search for the wisdom that would lead to the good human life and the well-run empire. It was “ordinary people” who engaged in philosophy, from every walk of life, whether emperor (Marcus Aurelius) or slave (Epictetus), politician (Cicero) or poet (Vergil). Seneca philosophized while serving as the Emperor Nero’s chief advisor; Marcus Aurelius wrote his meditations while fighting barbarians on the frontier. Students will study all five of the major schools of Hellenistic philosophy that arose after the conquests of Alexander the Great— Stoicism Skepticism, Cynicism, Epicureanism, and Neo-Platonism—each found disciples in the Roman Empire. The Roman philosophers were often outstanding writers—masters of rhetoric—who presented their philosophy in poems, plays, or personal diaries. Hence special attention will be given to the philosophical “battle of the poets,” Lucretius vs. Vergil, as they fought for the soul of the Roman world. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: CLAS, EP4, VAL.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 4412. Classical Values: Art of Living. (4 Credits)

This course considers the art of living a human life, focusing on classical values including poetry and philosophy, with special attention to the Stoic conception of the cultivation or care of the self. Readings include Homer and Pindar as well as Epictetus and Marcus Aurelius and commentaries ranging from Nietzsche and Foucault to Pierre Hadot, Alasdaur MacIntyre, and Alexander Nehamas. Previously PHIL 3512. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: CLAS, EP4, VAL.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 4413. Religion and Morality. (4 Credits)

An exploration of the religious life in terms of the question, What does it mean to be religious? The seminar will then study differing views of the relation of the religious to the moral life, personal and social, including the formation of conscience and moral judgment, from writers such as Augustine, Kierkegaard, Kant, Levinas and Marx. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: EP4, VAL.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 4416. Art, Morality, and Politics. (4 Credits)

The seminar explores the inter-relationship among artistic, moral and political values. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: AMST, COLI, EP4, VAL.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 4418. Issues of Life and Death. (4 Credits)

The objective of this course is to make students aware of several issues in biology and medicine that require moral reflection, judgment, or decision, while also indicating how justified moral conclusions are reached. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: ADVD, AMCS, AMST, APPI, ASHS, ASRP, BEVL, BIOE, EP4, HHPA, HUST, LPHP, REST, VAL.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 4422. Harry Potter and Philosophy (ICC). (4 Credits)

This course will use the Harry Potter novels to explore several central themes in philosophy, and will use philosophical analysis to interpret the books and their cultural impact. Some central topics of the course will include: the nature and relationships of minds, souls, and bodies; the conflict of good and evil and some related issues in moral psychology and the ethics of ‘love’; metaphysical implications of the magical world of HP and its enchantment of muggles. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: AMST, CCUS, ICC.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 4423. Business Ethics. (4 Credits)

Business ethics is the study of moral values and conduct in business institutional contexts. The seminar will combine study of ethical theories with analysis of case studies involving real-world ethical issues that managers, employees, firms and other business stakeholders are dealing with today and that members of the class may face in the future. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: EP4, PJEC, PJST, VAL.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 4425. Buddhist Moral Thought. (4 Credits)

This course focuses on Buddhist ethical thought and practice, as well as interpretations and developments of this from Western perspectives. We will discuss topics such as karma, happiness, enlightenment (nirvana), meditation and moral development, emotions such as compassion and anger, as well as free will, responsibility, and determinism. We will also examine practical issues such as human rights, environmental ethics, and war and violence. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: EP4, INST, ISAS, VAL.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 4430. Education and Democracy. (4 Credits)

In this seminar we will investigate the relationship between education and democracy. In what ways does democracy depend on education? Do some educational practices promote democratic values better than others? Should education be in the service of politics at all? We will examine answers to these questions and others found in a number of different philosophical traditions, reading the work of authors such as John Dewey, Paolo Friere, bell hooks, Martha Nassbaum, and Jacques Ranciere. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: EP4, VAL.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 4436. Rethinking Citizenship. (4 Credits)

This course will reflect on the concept of citizenship, the rights and responsibilities, the practice of citizenship and some contemporary challenges to the notion of citizenship. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: EP4, LALS, VAL.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 4440. Aesthetics and Language. (4 Credits)

This course will explore the relationship between philosophical aesthetics and language—and how these two disciplines intersect in linguistic works and practices. We will think philosophically about what is meant when we have an aesthetic experience related to an artistic work, such as a poem or short story, or an aesthetic experience related to everyday uses of language, such as persuasive speech or advertisements, as well as to what degree positive or negative values are involved in our aesthetic judgments. Likewise, we will examine ideas of what language is and the various ways in which it functions in individual thought and as an expressive, communicative medium. As we will see, our aesthetic values and evaluations that are transmitted through language often inform our moral values and choices. The material studied will be diverse and derive from the disciplines of philosophy, linguistics, and literary fiction. The objective of this course is to juxtapose and creatively synthesize these approaches to engender new ways of understanding and thinking about the aesthetics of language—and how this combination affects our ideas about moral value and evaluation. Note: Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: COLI, EP4.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 4442. Fantasy and Philosophy. (4 Credits)

An interdisciplinary study of moral themes in J.R.R. Tolkien's "Lord of the Rings." The course focuses on Tolkien's artistic treatment of such philosophical questions as the lure of power, good and evil, freedom and fate, the nature of the divine, the natural environment and the function of literature in human life. We may consider similar themes in the works of other prominent fantasy authors. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: EP4, MVPH, MVST, VAL.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 4444. AI, Sci Fi, and Human Value. (4 Credits)

Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: CCUS, COMC, COMM, EP4, VAL.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 4455. Respectful Disagreement. (4 Credits)

This seminar concerns a problem that has broad practical implications, concerns how we should conduct our intellectual lives, and is of great interest in philosophy: what should we do when we find out that someone we consider just as intelligent and informed as we are on a certain topic disagrees with us on that topic? If we stick with our opinion are we being arrogant? If we give up our old belief are we considered spineless? We all hold opinions we know are denied by people we consider our peers or even superiors on the relevant topic, whether it's religious, political, or specific to our favorite fields of study. This seminar examines this common situation. Previously PHIL 3255. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: EP4, VAL.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 4470. Lincoln: Democratic Values. (4 Credits)

This senior seminar will survey key themes in American political philosophy from the Federalist Papers to the Lincoln-Douglas Debates, focusing on rival conceptions of the moral conditions that must be met for democratic government to count as legitimate, or capable of making law that deserves our principled allegiance. Using famous texts by Henry Jaffa and Gary Wills, we will consider the relation between popular sovereignty and human rights; the balance between personal conscience and constitutional order; and arguments for greater centralization of power for essential coordination and to secure basic justice. We will reconstruct this ideal of democratic justice from the tradition of ‘civic republicanism’ as it developed in the Federalist and Whig parties up to 1860. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: AMST, PJCR, PJST, VAL.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 4473. War and Peace: Just War Theory. (4 Credits)

This seminar in applied ethics will examine the history and development of just war doctrine with special attention given to its medieval and classical theorists, e.g., Augustine, Aquinas, Vitoria, Suarez and Grotius. Students will debate the central questions just war theory was developed to address: what war is, whether war may be waged, and if so under what circumstances and in what ways. Before investigating just war theory, students will examine two rival ethical theories about war, namely, pacificism and realism. The closing weeks of the semester will focus on current issues and challenges for just war doctrine, especially pre-emptive war, terrorism, and counter-insurgency. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: BEVL, EP4, INST, ISIN, MVPH, MVST, PJCR, PJIN, PJST, PJWT, REST, VAL.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 4480. Technology and Values. (4 Credits)

This senior values seminar examines the challenge that modern technology presents to our traditional ethical standpoints and, ultimately, to the very idea of an ethical culture insofar as modern technology has shifted from merely serving the culture to shaping the culture in fundamental ways regarding the measure of our humanity. Previously PHIL 3180. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: EP4, VAL.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 4484. Freedom and Responsibility. (4 Credits)

The course will investigate several problems concerning freedom, responsibility and the morality of punishment. Is freedom possible in a world completely governed by physical laws? How can I be blamed (or praised) for my actions, given that upbringing, character, and environment are largely matters of luck? Is the practice of punishing criminals morally justifiable? How? Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: BEHR, BIOE, EP4, VAL.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 4486. Evil, Vice, and Sin. (4 Credits)

This senior values seminar takes a negative strategy in approaching moral questions by focusing on actions labeled "evil", "vicious", "sinful" in order to create an opportunity for reflecting on the reality and experience of evil from which we might evolve some positive conception of "value" as well as the context and nature of moral choice and conscience. Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Attributes: AMST, ASRP, EP4, VAL.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 4490. Itineraries of Desire. (4 Credits)

This seminar explores some of the major ways in which desire (broadly construed to include appetite, longing, yearning, attraction, drive, etc.) has been understood and described in the history of philosophy and in contemporary society. Philosophers frequently marginalize desire, considering it to be contrary to reason, unpredictable, or even an obstacle to the quest for knowledge. But desire is an essential dimension of the human condition, and it can reveal aspects of ourselves that are yet unknown to us. From Plato’s dialogues on eros to Lady Gaga’s “Shallow,” human beings have felt compelled to express, interrogate, and pursue their deepest desires. Students will have the chance not only to learn what authors and intellectuals have written on the topic, but also to reflect on the way they themselves think and live their desires. To this end, they will confront perennial questions about desire and deliberate about their answers. What is desire? Is it a unified phenomenon or are drive, appetite, and longing essentially different from one another? Is desire for the sake of something (such as virtue or knowledge) or is it the arbitrary result of our biology? Would the latter diminish the value of desire itself and of what is desired? Is something desired because it is good, or is it good because it is desired?.

Attributes: EP4, VAL.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 4800. Internship. (4 Credits)

Four-credit courses that meet for 150 minutes per week require three additional hours of class preparation per week on the part of the student in lieu of an additional hour of formal instruction.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 4990. Senior Thesis: Philosophy. (4 Credits)

A work of supervised philosophical research of at least 10,000 words. To register students must get the permission of the associate chair for undergraduate studies in the Spring semester of their junior year.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 4999. Tutorial. (4 Credits)

Supervised individual study project.

Prerequisites: PHIL 3000 or HPLC 1001 or HPRH 1002 or HPRH 1103.

PHIL 5001. Introduction to Plato. (3 Credits)

Study of Plato's developing thought, starting with the materials he inherited from poetic and philosphical forerunners, and analyzing how his original ethical-political interests compelled him to confront epistemological, metaphysical, and theological concerns. Course will focus mainly, but not exclusively, on early and middle dialogues.

Attributes: CEED, CEMP, CLAS, MVSG, PGAN, PSAP.

PHIL 5002. Nineteenth Century Philosophy. (3 Credits)

Post-Kantian developments in philosophy from Hegel to Nietzsche.

Attributes: PGCM, PGCP.

PHIL 5003. Natural Law Ethics. (3 Credits)

A study of the natural law tradition in ethics: its origins in classical philosophy, its integration with Christian thought in the Middle Ages, and its application to selected contemporary problems. A study of the principles of natural law ethics and its applications to selected current moral problems. The course includes a treatment of the historical origins of the theory of natural law, with special emphasis on the relevant texts of Thomas Aquinas from the Summa Theologiae. Among the topics treated will be the relation of morality to positive law and to divine law, the nature and limits of authority, the common good, the nature of the human person, virtue and vice, and such principles as subsidiarity double effect, and finality.

Attributes: CEED, CEMP, HECH, PGOC, PGVT, PSEN.

PHIL 5005. Classical Modern Philosophy. (3 Credits)

A study of the history of philosophy from Descartes to Kant.

Attributes: PGCM, PSEP.

PHIL 5009. Introduction to Aristotle. (3 Credits)

An introduction to the thought of Aristotle through the study of the De Anima and the Metaphysics.

Attributes: CEED, CEMP, MVSG, PGAN, PSAP.

PHIL 5010. Introduction to St. Thomas Aquinas. (3 Credits)

This course will be a general introduction to Aquinas's philosophical thinking.We shall pay special attention to his philosophy of God. We shall also turn to what he says about questions such as the scope of human knowledge, the nature of the human being, and the nature and significance of human action. As well as being expository, the course will consider the cogency of Aquinas's position on various topics. It will also try to relate what Aquinas says to what other philosophers, especially modern philosophers, have had to say. The course will not presuppose any previous detailed knowledge of Aquinas on the part of students.

Attributes: CEED, CEMP, MVSG, PGMD.

PHIL 5012. Introduction to St. Augustine. (3 Credits)

This seminar provides a systematic survey of the main themes of St. Augustine's philosophy and theology. Topics will include faith and reason, divine ideas, time, eternity, and creations, the theology of the Holy Trinity, the nature of the soul, the freedom of the will and divine predestination, good and evil, original sin and divine grace, and the human history as the history of salvation. The unifying theme of the discussion will be a synthetic account of St. Augustine's Neoplatonic Christian anthropology, occasionally contrasted with St. Thomas Aquinas' Aristotelian Christian anthropology. The discussion will be organized around student presentations and two term papers on topics other than one's presentation topics.

Attributes: CEED, CEMP, MVSG, PGMD.

PHIL 5030. Topics in the Philosophy of Education: Education and Democracy. (3 Credits)

In this seminar we will investigate the relationship between education and democracy. In what ways does democracy depend on education? Do some educational practices promote democratic values better than others? Should education be in the service of politics at all? How do questions of race, gender, and colonial oppression inflect our understanding of the parameters of these discussions? We will examine answers to questions such as these by reading the work of authors coming from a number of different philosophical traditions—Hannah Arendt, John Dewey, Paulo Freire, bell hooks, Martha Nussbaum, and Jacques Rancière.

Attribute: PSNM.

PHIL 5040. Topics in Latin American Philosophy: Philosophies of Liberation. (3 Credits)

This course serves as an introduction to Latin American philosophy through the theme of liberation. We will focus primarily on texts written in the 20th century from across the Americas, exploring what liberation might mean in the context of a history of conquest and colonization.

Attribute: PSJH.

PHIL 5051. Existentialism and Critical Phenomenology. (3 Credits)

This course studies the 20th-century French existential phenomenologists as germinal for the contemporary critical turn in phenomenology. Readings will be both classical and contemporary, and authors may include Husserl, Sartre, Merleau-Ponty, Beauvoir, Fanon, Ahmed, Guenther, Al-Saji, Ortega, and Salamon.

Attributes: PGCC, PGME.

PHIL 5075. Continental Philosophy and Faith. (3 Credits)

A survey of significant movements in 20th century European philosophy in regard to their consideration of and impact on questions of faith or religion, especially in regard to postmodern culture, the "death" of the subject, and the grounding of rationality.

Attributes: PGCC, PGME.

PHIL 5100. Logic I. (3 Credits)

An introduction to symbolic logic.

PHIL 5114. Normative Ethical Theory. (3 Credits)

This is a masters-level introduction to major theoretica approaches in normative ethics, including virtue ethics (mainly in the Aristotelian tradition), utititarianisnm, deontological or rights-based theories, and contractualism. It does not cover natural law theories or alterity ethics. The main readings will focus on contemporary examples of these normative theories with some attention to applications, historical sources may be included as needed, but our discussion will focus on the strengths and weaknesses of the theories rather than on historical developments. The course assumes no particular background, though it is helpful if students have read some Aristotle, Kant, and Mill before.

Attributes: CEED, CEMP, HECH, PGCA, PGVT, PSEN.

PHIL 5209. Ancient Philosophy. (3 Credits)

This course studies major figures at the foundation of Western philosophy, reflecting on the questions the philosophers posed and the teachings they developed in response. Pre-Socratics, Plato, Socrates and Aristotle, as well as Stoics and Epicureans are among those to be examined. There will be opportunities to connect the ideas of Greek and Roman antiquity with early Eastern philosophies as well as later Western philosophies.

Attributes: PGAN, PSAP.

PHIL 5250. Philosophies of Race. (3 Credits)

This course presents a survey of philosophical perspectives on the question of race. There are four main units: Race and Historicity, the Lived Experience of Race, Race and Power, and Race and Intersectionality. The first unit, Race and Historicity, focuses on the question of race as a question of social ontology, analyzes the emergence of race in the colonial context, and focuses on the idea of race as a specifically colonial invention. The second part, the lived experience of race, focuses on phenomenological perspectives on race and interrogates how racialization works on the level of the self and self-identity. The third unit, Race and Power, focuses on race in relation to contemporary political institutions, such as the prison industrial complex, and presents a brief introduction to Afro-Pessimist Thought and Critical Prison Studies. We will end the course by focusing on intersectional theories of race and interrogate how race interlocks with other categories of oppression, such as gender and sexuality.

Attributes: PGCC, PGME, PGVT, PSRR.

PHIL 5305. Confronting Moral Controversy. (3 Credits)

Moral and political controversy is everywhere, but it can seem like it never gets anywhere. Our society is deeply divided over certain controversial topics--for example, abortion, affirmative action, animal rights, free speech, pornography, and climate change. This course will ask students to confront these moral controversies, and it will focus primarily on developing three crucial skills. First, students will learn to read and interpret influential articles by moral philosophers on these issues. Second, students will develop the ability to argue productively about these controversial issues with other students who might not share their opinions. Third, each student will develop and defend a moral principle (or set of principles) that can justify their own particular moral views. Students should leave the course better equipped to deal with moral and political controversy in their lives and careers.

Attributes: CEED, CEMP, CETH, PGCA, PGVT.

PHIL 6025. Philosophy's Origins. (3 Credits)

Starting with the beginnings of Philosophy in Greek antiquity (i.e, the testimonies and fragments of works transmitted from the early pre-Socratics of the 6th century B.C.E), the seminar takes up three intersecting topics. The first considers commentary from the classical Greek era to the 20th century on how and why this new inquiry, "philosophy", originated. The second, related topic is the role, indeed the centrality, of the topic of "origins" for the early Greek thinkers themselves. The third seminar topic is the concept of "origins".

Attributes: PGAN, PSAP.

PHIL 6101. Presocratic Philosophy. (3 Credits)

In this course, students explore the first philosophers or theorists of nature before Plato and Aristotle. Drawing on readings of Presocratic/Preplatonic thought from Friedrich Nietzsche, Ernst Cassirer, Martin Heidegger, Karl Popper, Paul Feyerabend, and Hans-Georg Gadamer, the course reviews the relevance of early Greek thinking for philosophy today.

Attribute: PGAN.

PHIL 6102. Human Rights. (3 Credits)

This course will survey the major philosophical theories of human rights today, which focus on (a) the central meaning(s) of the concept (and its roles); (b) grounds or justifications; and (c) the contents or schedule of human rights—both at more abstract and more specified levels. (I) There are more “orthodox” conceptions starting from moral theory, including (i) neo-Kantian accounts focused on dignity or personhood (Griffin, Gilabert); (ii) interest-based theories focused on basic needs or central goods (Tasioulas, Raz, David Miller); and mixed accounts (Nussbaum’s capabilities theory, Carol Gould’s self-shaping account, Sangiovanni’s vulnerability-based conception). (II) Then there are “political” theories that attempt to avoid cultural differences critiques by focusing on legal and social roles of human rights, especially international law (Rawls, Beitz, Reidy). (III) We will conclude with a look at hybrid theories—both mainstream analytic and critical theoretic—that attempt to bridge this divide (Allan Buchanan, Habermas’s discourse-ethical account, Seyla Benhabib, and David Ingram). Throughout, we will also consider some case studies that can be used in teaching human rights topics.

Attributes: PGCA, PGVT, PSJH.

PHIL 6103. Dialectical Thinking and Ideology Critique. (3 Credits)

The aim of this course is to instigate a philosophically rigorous and historically informed exploration of the extent to which dialectical thinking can be useful (perhaps even necessary) in the articulation of a credible critique of ideology. The meanings of key terms around which our investigations will revolve (e.g., “dialectics,” “ideology,” and “critique”) are themselves highly contested, and so this course will seek to develop, rather than merely presuppose, a working vocabulary for the task ahead of us. Important intellectual currents to be considered include: Hegelianism, Marxism, psychoanalysis, structuralism, post-structuralism, legal theory of various kinds, and critical theory (e.g., the Frankfurt School).

Attributes: PGCC, PGCP, PGVT.

PHIL 6104. German Idealism and Freedom. (3 Credits)

German Idealism was animated by the topic of freedom. This course will examine and critically evaluate three major German Idealist theories of freedom—namely, those of Immanuel Kant, F.W.J. Schelling, and G.W.F. Hegel. The course will also include important background from the early modern figures Leibniz and Spinoza. Topics discussed may include free will, moral responsibility, the origins of evil, autonomy, the highest good, divine freedom, theodicy, and social/political freedom.

Attribute: PGCM.

PHIL 6105. Laws of Nature. (3 Credits)

Philosophers and scientists alike have said that science aims to discover the laws of nature. This course is a survey on the history and contemporary state of the debate on laws of nature. What is it that constitutes a law of nature? For instance, what distinguishes a regularity that is lawlike from merely accidental regularities? What is the role of laws of nature in scientific explanation? What, if anything, distinguishes the laws of the fundamental physical sciences from those found in biology, chemistry, and so on? The course will include both historical context from 17th- and 18th-century philosophy, as well as the contemporary state of the debate and recent developments.

Attributes: PGCA, PGME, PSCP.

PHIL 6106. Autonomy and Paternalism. (3 Credits)

Paternalism, broadly defined as interference with another person against their will yet for their benefit, has routinely been objected to on the basis of the individual’s right to autonomy. However, in recent years there has been growing support among philosophers of law and ethicists for paternalistic interventions, either due to evidence that even autonomous individuals will not always act to their benefit, or because the categorical value of individual autonomy has come into question. In this course, we will tackle the complex issues surrounding the opposition of paternalism and autonomy. This includes theoretical issues that trace back to Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill, as well as practical questions, such as how to ensure that individuals are making autonomous decisions about their medical care and whether physicians can ever make decisions for patients without consulting them.

Attributes: PGOC, PGVT.

PHIL 6107. Philosophy and Translation. (3 Credits)

In this seminar we will study historical and contemporary philosophies of translation primarily in the European tradition, with the aim of investigating the relationship between translation and philosophical thought and practice. Authors studied may include Schleiermacher, Benjamin, Heidegger, Gadamer, Derrida, Cassin, and Diagne.

Attributes: PGCC, PGME.

PHIL 6108. Communitarianism. (3 Credits)

Communitarian political thought charges modern liberal societies with a basic failing. According to communitarians, by creating maximal opportunities for choice, liberal societies have undermined a basic precondition for human flourishing: community. In this course we will read broadly from the communitarian tradition, engaging with such thinkers as Alasdair MacIntyre, Edmund Burke, Daniel Bell, Robert Nisbet, Michael Sandel, Michael Walzer, and Robert Putnam. We will also study the communitarian tradition in African philosophy, engaging with the works of such thinkers as Munamato Chemhuru and Segun Gbadegesin. We will try to assess the viability of the communitarian critique in the modern world, with particular attention to two related objections: (1) it may be that modern mass society is basically incompatible with communitarianism, and (2) the sorts of goods that communitarians prize cannot be intentionally planned, but only emerge organically under the right conditions.

Attributes: PGCA, PGVT.

PHIL 6109. The Epistemology and Ethics of Artificial Intelligence. (3 Credits)

This course examines a range of epistemological and ethical issues concerning artificial intelligence. Questions to be addressed include: Is there anything human beings can do that an AI system cannot do, such as have beliefs, achieve understanding, enjoy consciousness, or have emotions? What moral principles should guide our use of AI? Does AI pose an existential threat to humanity?.

Attributes: PGCA, PGME.

PHIL 6110. Philosophy of the Islamic World. (3 Credits)

This course introduces students to philosophy of the Islamic world, covering philosophical developments in both the eastern and western Islamic world. It begins shortly after the Graeco-Arabic translation movement of the eighth to the 10th centuries with the work of al-Kindī and ends with the establishment of post-Avicennan philosophy in the 12th and 13th centuries.

Attributes: MVSG, PGMD.

PHIL 6111. Affective Injustice. (3 Credits)

Affective injustice is an exciting emerging area of scholarship in social and political philosophy. Key questions include: how should we define affective injustice (what is the scope of this concept)? What is unjust about affective injustice (what normative moral or political frameworks should be invoked to ground claims about what counts as an affective injustice)? Why do we need a concept of affective injustice distinct from epistemic injustice (what's uniquely affective about the relevant injustices)? What would affective justice be? Much of the extant literature focuses on anger, but what other episodic emotions and affective phenomena should concern scholars interested in theorizing affective injustice?.

Attributes: PGOC, PGVT.

PHIL 6120. Democratic Political Economy. (3 Credits)

This course investigates the contributions philosophy has to make to the interdisciplinary project of developing a general, context-sensitive, and justice-oriented framework for democratic political economy. The thinkers discussed come from a variety of traditions, including analytic philosophy, pragmatism, feminism, critical theory, African-American philosophy, and indigenous philosophy.

Attributes: PGOC, PGVT.

PHIL 6190. Feminist Political Philosophy. (3 Credits)

We will balance a study of feminist critiques with a study of feminist contributions to reimagining political theories, institutions, and practices. We will focus our study around a current scholarly debate in the field, while inquiring into the philosophical context of this debate in canonical texts and figures.

Attributes: PGOC, PGVT.

PHIL 6215. French Philosophy of Education. (3 Credits)

In this course, students examine philosophies of education in recent French thought, paying particular attention to the teaching of philosophy itself. Authors studied include Bourdieu, Derrida, Le Doeuff, and Ranciere.

Attributes: PGCC, PGME.

PHIL 6242. Language and Identity. (3 Credits)

In this course we will examine the relationship between language and identity, primarily as it is theorized by three thinkers writing in French: Jacques Derrida, Edouard Glissant, and Barbara Cassin.

PHIL 6251. American Pragmatism. (3 Credits)

A survey of the central themes and figures of American Pragmatism from Peirce to the present.

Attributes: PGME, PGOC, PSCP.

PHIL 6252. American Philosophy. (3 Credits)

From transcendentalism to naturalism- Emerson, Royce, Peirce, James and Dewey.

Attributes: PGME, PGOC.

PHIL 6270. Pragmatist Ethics. (3 Credits)

This course will consider the elements of ethics present in the tradition of American pragmatism from roughly 1860 to 1960. We will engage with texts from some or all of the following thinkers: Charles Peirce, William James, Jane Addams, W.E.B. Du Bois, John Dewey, Ella Lyman Cabot, George Santayana, Josiah Royce, George Herbert Mead, Alain Locke, and Clarence Irving Lewis.

Attributes: PGOC, PGVT.

PHIL 6410. Understanding and Wisdom. (3 Credits)

The course will mainly deal with contemporary work from epistemology and philosophy of science on these topics, but we will also look at some ancient traditions that are relevant, as well as spend a few classes looking at continental and hermeneutical approaches.

Attributes: PGCA, PGME.

PHIL 6420. Expertise. (3 Credits)

Specialization and division of labor have scored tremendous gains in human knowledge. We live in a world of expertise and experts. But the mere existence of expertise does not settle all of the practical and intellectual questions we face about properly taking advantage of expertise—and not being taken advantage of by experts who mislead and misinform. Over the past couple of decades, philosophical questions about expertise, trust in experts, and the abuse of expertise have gained attention, and that growing literature will be our focus in this seminar. Here are some of the questions we will consider: What is the nature of expertise and the function of experts? Does the nature of expertise vary by field or domain? How can non-experts effectively identify expertise? What is required for non-experts to trust experts reasonably or rationally? How can experts effectively signal their credentials and reliability to non-experts? When should conflicts of interest undermine the value of expertise or our trust in experts? What are the various misuses of expertise, and how can these be mitigated? Can there be expertise about philosophical topics? In the main, our readings will be from social epistemology and the philosophy of science, but some readings will be drawn from the social sciences, psychology, and the history of science.

Attributes: PGCA, PGME.

PHIL 6436. Philosophy of Time and Persistence. (3 Credits)

This course is an exploration of the contemporary analytic debates regarding the nature of time and ontological persistence, with special focus on the relationship between the human person and time.

Attributes: PGCA, PGME.

PHIL 6440. The Epistemology of John Henry Newman. (3 Credits)

This course will mainly focus on John Henry Newman's “Essay in Aid of a Grammar of Assent,” a classic exploration of the relationship between evidence, faith, and assent. In the early part of the course, we will focus on the philosophical context of the grammar through a reading of texts such as John Locke's essay “Concerning Human Understanding” and Thomas Reid's “Inquiry into the Human Mind.” Throughout the course we will also bring Newman into conversation with contemporary debates and questions in epistemology: for example, how does assent differ from other doxastic attitudes such as belief or faith, and is belief an all-or-nothing affair, or does it come in degrees?.

Attributes: PGCA, PGCP.

PHIL 6457. Mind-Body Problem. (3 Credits)

"The mind-body problem" refers loosely to the philosophical difficulties involved in integrating the image of ourselves as free, rational beings having beliefs, desires, hopes, fears, joys,loves, etc. with the image of ourselves as complex biochemical systems. We consider some of these difficulties with an eye to understanding how they have shaped approaches to human nature both in philosophyand in scientific disciplines such as psychology, and then consider whether anyof these difficulties can be overcome using the resources available to the currently dominant philosophical theories. Finally, we examine the claim that thereare viable historical alternatives to these theories capable of circumventing the mind-body problem altogether.

Attributes: PGCA, PGME.

PHIL 6460. Intentionality. (3 Credits)

This course explores the key concept of intentionality both in its medieval and in its modern varieties, as it functions in various medieval and modern theories of cognition and mental representation.

Attribute: PGMD.

PHIL 6471. Responsibility and Blame. (3 Credits)

In this course: we will examine the nature of moral responsibility, the nature of blame, and the connection between them. We will ask questions such as the following. Does moral responibility require free will? Can we understand blame exclusively in terms of altitudes such as resentment and indignation, or must blame have an outward manifestation? Does understanding the nature of blame shed light on the nature of moral responsibility?.

Attributes: PGCA, PGVT.

PHIL 6472. Responsibility, Blame, and Forgiveness. (3 Credits)

In this course, we will examine the natures of moral responsibility, blame, and forgiveness, as well as the connections between them.

Attributes: PGCA, PGVT.

PHIL 6505. Medieval Philosophical Theories of the Fall. (3 Credits)

This course will be devoted to the study of some medieval interpretations of the Christian doctrines of the fall of the devil and of original sin. The focus will be philosophical. We will study the positions of Anselm of Canterbury, Thomas Aquinas and John Duns Scotus. Some of the questions taken into account will be: "Is it possible to choose evil for evil's sake?" and "What is the motive of a morally wrong action?"

Attribute: PGMD.

PHIL 6580. Virtue Epistemology. (3 Credits)

Virtue epistemologists are especially interested in what it is that makes people intellectually excellent- what it is, for example, that makes a person a responsible inquirer, of what is that makes his or her beliefs amount to knowledg. In this class we will consider the main positions and some of the most recent developments in the area of virtue epistemology.

Attributes: PGCA, PGME.

PHIL 6630. Discourse Ethics. (3 Credits)

This seminar will trace the development of Jurgen Habermas's "discourse ethics." We will also analyze alternative versions of discourse ethics in the work of Karl-Otto Apel, Albrecht Welmer, Seyla Benbabib, and Rainer Forst, and consider challenges from communitarians like Charles Taylor and contractualists such as Thomas Scanlon and Stephen Darwal.

Attributes: PGCC, PGVT, PSEN.

PHIL 6805. Topics in Phil of Rel.. (3 Credits)

This course will introduce and discuss a range of topics in the philosophy of religion. Topics to be considered will include: the propriety and possibility of natural theology: arguments for God's existence; the problem of evil; the attributes of God; life after death.

Attributes: PGCA, PGME.

PHIL 6850. Hermeneutics. (3 Credits)

This course provides a general introduction to contemporary hermeneutics, with a special focus on the problem of the relation between subject and text.

Attributes: PGCC, PGME, PSCP, PSNM.

PHIL 7009. Plotinus. (3 Credits)

This course will examine in detail Plotinus' original positions in metaphysics, epistemology, psychology, and ethics as presented in the Enneads along with his polemics against the Stoics, Epicureans, Peripatetics, and quasi-philosophical schools such as the Gnostics.

Attribute: PGAN.

PHIL 7012. Plato's Dialogues. (3 Credits)

By most counts, Plato wrote 28 dialogues that are recognized as genuine. These dialogues vary greatly in length, content, and approximate time of composition. Most people, including philosophers, have an acquaintance with only a few of these dialogues, for instance, the Phaedo, Meno, Apology, and Republic, all of which probably belong to one period of Plato’s writing. An accurate understanding of Plato’s philosophy must be based on the study of his entire philosophical corpus. This might be said of any philosopher, but Plato is unique because he never reveals what his own philosophical commitments are. We need all the help we can get to understand him. It would be impossible to study all 28 dialogues in one semester. The Laws, for instance, are 339 tedious Stephanus pages long. It is assumed that some dialogues are familiar to students. The course will therefore cover as many unfamiliar but nevertheless important dialogues as possible from all periods of Plato’s writing. The general content and purpose of each dialogue will be debated, and then central, especially significant passages will be discussed in some detail with the help of secondary literature. Student involvement with what will be covered and how to interpret it is expected.

Attribute: PGAN.

PHIL 7018. Ancient Psychology. (3 Credits)

This course examines ancient accounts of human cognitive and moral psychology. The primary focus will be on Plato and especially Aristotle, since their accounts are the most complete, but Epicurean and Stoic psychology will also receive attention.

Attribute: PGAN.

PHIL 7031. Alienation and Reification. (3 Credits)

This seminar traces the development of two central concepts in critical social theory with the aim of evaluating their current relevance for social criticism. We begin with Marx and Lukacs and then consider their influence on Frankfurt School theorists such as Horkheimer, Adorno, and Habermas. We conclude with recent attempts by Honneth and Jaeggi to rejuvenated the two concepts within social philosophy.

Attributes: PGCC, PGCP, PGVT.

PHIL 7035. Recent Critical Theory. (3 Credits)

Much of the critical theory of the Frankfurt School takes the form of immanent critique, a form of criticism that relies on critical standards that are in some form already present within the social order that is the object of critique. This seminar will examine various approaches to immanent critique developed by Frankfurt School critical theorists in the last 10 years. Texts will include Axel Honneth's “Freedom's Right: The Social Foundations of Democratic Life” (Columbia 2014) and Rahel Jaeggi's “Critique of Forms of Life” (Harvard 2018).

Attributes: PGCC, PGVT.

PHIL 7039. Aquinas's Philosophy of God. (3 Credits)

This course is devoted to explaining and commenting on Aquinas's philosophy of God and presented in texts such as his Summa Contra Gentiles, his Summa Theologiae, and his De Potentia.

Attribute: PGMD.

PHIL 7042. Buridan on the Soul. (3 Credits)

This course is going to be based on the new edition of the Latin text and annotated translation of Buridan's "Questions on Aristotle's De Anima" along with a companion volume of critical essays, analyzing his sometimes astonishingly modern ideas concerning the nature, powers and workings of human and animal souls, consciousness, and understanding, shedding a stark light on the historical origins and conceptual roots of some of the most persistent problems in post-Cartesian philosophy of mind.

Attribute: PGMD.

PHIL 7058. Bonaventure's Metaphysics. (3 Credits)

This course is a survey of the metaphysics of Bonaventure, one of the important representatives of Scholastic thought. Students will investigate major elements of his ontology and natural theology. Particular attention will be given to his treatment of the transcendentals, analogy, and his apophaticism.

Attribute: PGMD.

PHIL 7060. Varieties of Essentialism. (3 Credits)

This course provides students with a historical survey of the varieties of essentialism, from Plato’s “exemplarist” essentialism to Kripke’s “semantical” essentialism to the more recent emergence of “neo-Aristotelian” essentialism. Within these historical boundaries, however, the main focus of the course is on the subtle varieties of essentialism in the works of medieval theologians and philosophers from Augustine through Anselm and Abelard to Aquinas and Scotus, and the paradigmatic change brought about by the emergence of nominalism in the works of Ockham and Buridan, as well as its impact on modern philosophy. The course carefully analyzes how the changing semantic theories of these thinkers influenced their metaphysical intuitions, and vice versa, how their changing metaphysical intuitions shaped their semantic views.

Attributes: PGCA, PGMD, PGME.

PHIL 7069. Medieval Logic and Metaphysics. (3 Credits)

This seminar is going to approach medieval logic and metaphysics not as a piece of history, but as genuine philosophy, to be taken seriously by a contemporary philosopher. The course is going to present an extended argument to show that if medieval metaphysical notions are reconstructed against their proper theoretical background (supplied by the sophisticated logical theories of the medievals, as opposed to modern analytic theories or vague historical intuitions), then they can provide us with a comprehensive, unified conceptual framework for discussing our genuine concerns which is unmatched in our fragmented “post-modern” culture. Although this course is primarily offered for philosophers, philosophically-minded medievalists and theologians may profit from it as well, especially if they are interested in tackling the logical subtleties of medieval metaphysical and theological discussions, No previous training in modern (or traditional) logic will be assumed. Main topics of discussion include: meaning (signification) and reference (supposition) in medieval logic; universals and common natures; mental language; nominalism, realism and ontological commitment; the concept of being and theories of the copula; the existence and essence of God; the immateriality of the intellective soul and the hylomorphic mereology of human nature; essentialism, nominalism and skepticism in late-medieval philosophy.

Attribute: PGMD.

PHIL 7071. Aquinas: Questions on God. (3 Credits)

An exposition and critical discussion of 'Summa Theologies', la, 1-26.

Attribute: PGMD.

PHIL 7076. Metaphysical Themes in Duns Scotus. (3 Credits)

This course focuses on central metaphysical issues in the thought of Duns Scotus, such as being, substance, essence and individuation.

Attribute: PGMD.

PHIL 7080. Medieval Views on Cognition and Certainty. (3 Credits)

In this course, we will study some medieval thinker’s views on cognition and certainty. The main focus will be on the debate of cognition and the role of divine illumination in the years following Thomas Aquinas’s death in authors such as Henry of Ghent, John Duns Scotus, and Peter Auriol. Some consideration will be given to the influence that the later medieval debate had on early modern philosophy.

Attributes: MVSG, PGMD.

PHIL 7106. Kant I. (3 Credits)

The aim of this course is to achieve an appreciation of, and some facility withthe problems and mode of philosophizing that dictate teh arguments in Kant's Kritik der reinen Vernunft. Accordingly, the course is organized along thematic lines that, while corresponding to specific passages and sections of the Kritik, provide a route through the text as a whole. After an initial introduction to the structure and context of teh work as a while, the course will focus primarily on the positive doctrines of Kant's critical or transcendental philosophy as presented in the Transcendental Aesthetic and the Transcendental Analytic of the Transcendental Logic.

Attributes: PGCM, PSEP.

PHIL 7110. Descartes and Spinoza. (3 Credits)

Primarily a study of Descartes' Meditations, preceded by a reading of his Regulae and Discourse on Method, and a study of Spinoza's Ethics, preceded by a reading of his Emendation on the Understanding and selections from other works.

Attributes: PGCM, PSEP.

PHIL 7120. Philosophical Writings of Rousseau. (3 Credits)

In this course, students will explore the philosophical writings of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, taking a broad understanding of what counts as a "philosophical" text. In the first two-thirds of the class, we will focus on Rousseau's moral, social, and political philosophy, his aesthetics, and his philosophy of human nature and education. Texts to be read include Discourse on the Sciences and Arts; Discourse on the Origins of Inequality; Essay on the Origin of Languages; Letter to d'Alembert on the Theater; Julie: or the New Heloise; Emile: or On Education; and The Social Contract. The final third of the class will bring Rousseau into conversation with some of his contemporary critics, including Catherine Macauleu, Mary Wollsteonescraft, Olympe de Gouges, and Sophie de Grouchy.

Attribute: PGCM.

PHIL 7122. The Limits of Thought in Kant and Post-Kantian Philosophy. (3 Credits)

In the Critique of Pure Reason, Kant argues that the categories provide a priori knowledge of appearances but cannot yield knowledge of things in themselves. Kant’s claim raises a general question about the limits of conceptual thought. This course will examine the development of this question in Kant and post-Kantian thought.

PHIL 7140. Kant and German Idealism. (3 Credits)

This course will examine Kant's detailed treatment of issues in the Critique of the Power of Judgement and will examine how thinkers like Hegel, Schelling, and Schiller helped to develop the German Idealist tradition in the wake of Kant's third and final critique.

Attributes: PGCM, PSCP.

PHIL 7145. Phenomenology and Religious Experience. (3 Credits)

This course will explore different approaches to phenomenological considerations of religious experience, as they have been advanced from the early 20th century (Otto, Scheler, Conrad-Martius, Stein, Walter, etc.) to recent explorations (Steinbock, Marion, Lacoste, Chrétien, Kearney, etc.) We will focus explicitly on this diversity of considering religious experience phenomenologically, asking how various strains of the phenomenological tradition define and practice “phenomenology of religion” differently.

Attributes: PGCC, PGME.

PHIL 7149. Hegel's Phenomenology. (3 Credits)

A reading of Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit, in the context of his other writings and in conversation with various other philosophers.

Attributes: PGCM, PSCP.

PHIL 7153. Husserl's Later Thought. (3 Credits)

An investigation of Husserl's later philosophy by way of a careful reading of Cartesian Meditations and the Crisis.

Attributes: PGCC, PGCP.

PHIL 7156. Husserl and Heidegger. (3 Credits)

This course will examine the relation between Husserl and Heidegger at two points of direct contact: (1) Heidegger’s discussion of Husserl’s phenomenology in his 1925 Marburg lectures, and (2) the failed attempt at collaboration in co-authoring an article on phenomenology for Encyclopedia Brittanica. We shall examine the first by reading the relevant sections of Husserl’s Logical Investigations and the first volume of Ideas for a Pure Phenomenology and Phenomenological Philosophy, volume 1, before turning to the first part of Heidegger’s History of the Concept of Time. We shall examine the latter by reading the various drafts of the article and the relevant correspondence as presented in Psychological and Transcendental Phenomenology and the Confrontation with Heidegger (1927–1931). Where appropriate, we shall also look at relevant selections from Husserl’s “Ideas,” volume 2, his Cartesian Meditations and Crisis as well as Heidegger’s Being and Time.

Attributes: PGCC, PGCP.

PHIL 7157. Phenomenology. (3 Credits)

This course will examine some of the major themes in the phenomenological literature: methodology; intentionality; and self-awareness; embodiment; subjectivity; agency and action; the Other; and social cognition. Readings will include both historical and contemporary figures.

Attributes: PGCC, PGME.

PHIL 7159. Kierkegaard. (3 Credits)

Sources, development, influence of Kierkegaard's thought.

Attributes: PGCC, PGCP, PSCP.

PHIL 7161. Nietzsche. (3 Credits)

Detailed investigation of principal Nietzschen themes.

Attributes: PGCC, PGCM, PGCP, PSCP.

PHIL 7164. First Philosophy: Nietzsche, Heidegger, and the Presocratics. (3 Credits)

This seminar focuses on Friedrich Nietzsche’s lectures on The Pre-Platonic Philosophers and his essay on the tragic age in addition to Martin Heidegger’s lecture courses and essays on Pre-Socratic thinking. Research emphasis highlights contemporary readings of the Presocratics.

Attributes: PGCC, PGCM, PGCP.

PHIL 7166. Recognition and Intersubjectivity. (3 Credits)

This course will examine the notion of recognition, as well as the related notion of intersubjectivity, in philosophical discourses extending from the late eighteenth century to the present time.

Attributes: PGCM, PGVT.

PHIL 7203. Merleau-Ponty. (3 Credits)

This course is a study of the development of the major themes of Merleau-Ponty’s thought. Topics may include Merleau-Ponty’s adaptation of phenomenology through his study of perception and embodiment, his philosophy of language and his engagement with structuralism, the relationship of phenomenology and ontology in his thought, his account of intersubjectivity, his account of time and institution, his engagement with psychoanalysis, his philosophy of the natural world and animality, his engagement with other thinkers such as Bergson or Sartre, his account of childhood and development, his political philosophy, and his influence on contemporary traditions such as critical phenomenology or theories of embodied cognition.

Attributes: PGCC, PGCP.

PHIL 7204. Wittgenstein and Later Wittgenstein. (3 Credits)

A focus on Wittgenstein's classic texts (Tractatus, Philosophical Investigation, On Certainty) along with later receptions of Wittgenstein's work.

Attributes: PGCA, PGCP.

PHIL 7210. Whitehead. (3 Credits)

An analysis of the development of the philosophy of organism in Whitehead's earlier works and its full expression in Process and Reality.

Attributes: PGCP, PGOC.

PHIL 7215. Wittgenstein's 'Philosophical Investigations'. (3 Credits)

Following an introduction to the life and writings of Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889–1951), this course will consist of a detailed reading and discussion of his Philosophical Investigations. We will work through this text in class while trying to understand what it is saying. We will also aim to reflect on its philosophical value.

Attributes: PGCA, PGCP.

PHIL 7229. Derrida. (3 Credits)

A study of major texts of Jacques Derrida dealing with such themes as writing, differance, and deconstruction, as well as his relation to traditional and contemporary figures.

Attributes: PGCC, PGCP.

PHIL 7235. Husserl's 'Ideas II'. (3 Credits)

This course is a close reading of Book II of Husserl’s Ideas Pertaining to a Pure Phenomenology and to a Phenomenological Philosophy, subtitled “Studies in the Phenomenology of Constitution".

Attributes: PGCC, PGCP.

PHIL 7236. The Emotions and Moral Perception. (3 Credits)

This course will examine phenomenological (and some comparable non-phenomenological) accounts of (1) the nature of the emotions and (2) their roled in evaluation, in general, and moral evaluation, in particular.

Attributes: PGCC, PGME, PGVT.

PHIL 7240. Contemporary Metaethics. (3 Credits)

Metaethics steps back from substantive moral debates to ask questions about morality itself. We will consider a range of positions in order to see the benefits and limitations of different ways of answering these questions, and each student will work at developing her or his own answers throughout the term.

Attributes: PGCA, PGVT.

PHIL 7245. Moral Psychology of Anger. (3 Credits)

What is the moral status of anger at injustice? Some philosophers say anger is always a vice; others say it can be a virtue. Who is right? And if anger can be good, what is it good for: What is its function in our moral psychology? This is an ancient philosophical debate, going back to Aristotle and Seneca. But contemporary feminist philosophers are reviving and expanding it into important new questions: Can anger at injustice be virtuous even when it is dangerous to our well-being? Are there moral responsibilities concerning how we evaluate and respond to the anger of others? Should we evaluate the anger of aggrieved entitlement differently from the anger of insubordination? Our primary texts will be current feminist philosophy on anger. We will draw background materials from ancient philosophy, classic feminist defenses of anger and critiques of anger evaluation, and interdisciplinary and public intellectual work on the role of anger in contemporary sociopolitical life.

Attributes: PGCC, PGVT.

PHIL 7310. Self-Cultivation Philosophies. (3 Credits)

Self-cultivation philosophies propound a program of development for radically improving the lives of human beings on the basis of an understanding of human nature. We will study the nature and variety of these practice-oriented philosopies through an examination of prominent examples from ancient India, China and Greece as well as more recent approaches in Western philosophy.

Attribute: PGAN.

PHIL 7340. Humility and Arrogance. (3 Credits)

This course examines epistemological questions concerning humility and arrogance, taken in a broad sense to include open-mindedness, overconfidence, intellectual hubris, and dogmatism. What is humility and does it enhance our inquiry? Is arrogance ever beneficial in our pursuit of truth? Readings for the course focus on good inquiry, expertise, disagreement, and the nature of epistemic virtues and vices.

Attributes: PGCA, PGME.

PHIL 7350. Evidential Undermining. (3 Credits)

Sometimes we gain confidence that a belief is false. Sometimes we gain evidence that our grounds for a belief are not good grounds. The latter is a case of "evidential undermining". We will explore several important recent arguments that purport to show that particular moral, philosophical, and religious beliefs face evidential undermining.

Attributes: PGCA, PGME.

PHIL 7360. Scientific Realism. (3 Credits)

This course focuses on the debate concerning scientific realism, which, broadly, is the view that our best scientific theories succeed in providing true descriptions of the world. We will focus on the development of the debate into its current form, then move to understanding key recent contributions. Particular attention will be paid on how to motivate and refine alternatives to realism. If time permits, we'll also see how themes in the debate over scientific realism reappear in debates over philosophical methodology. Readings will be contemporary philosophy of science, including occasional case studies in the history of science.

Attributes: PGCA, PGME.

PHIL 7370. Moral Emotions. (3 Credits)

This course explores historical engagements with the question of what role the emotions should play in our moral lives, focusing on, but not limited to, work from the Early Modern period. Topics to be covered may include: sympathy/empathy, pity and compassion, resentment and gratitude, shame and guilt, and pride and humility.

Attribute: PGCM.

PHIL 7380. Modern Philosophies of Property. (3 Credits)

This course will critically examine competing modern philosophies of property. Our investigations into the meaning, justification, and limits of property ownership will open onto a series of related questions about human nature, human agency or freedom, human sociality or intersubjectivity, human law, human rights, and the relation of the human being to nonhuman nature. The textual sources for our discussions will be taken from the writings of thinkers whose work represents key trends and innovations in early through late modern philosophy, e.g., Grotius, Hobbes, Pufendorf, Locke, Hume, Smith, Rousseau, Kant, Fichte, Hegel, and Marx.

Attribute: PGCM.

PHIL 7459. Heidegger's Being and Time, Black Notebooks. (3 Credits)

We will read Heidegger's 1927 Sein and Zeit, which may be found in English in a range of trnaslations, along with several other works in order to situate a reading of the recently published Black Notebooks, and even more recently translated for publication in English. The topic is not merely the controversial and scandalous question of what is called Heidegger's anti-Semitism but also the status of his published and unpublished writings in addition to the questio of the question of the question of being.

Attributes: PGCC, PGCP.

PHIL 7465. The Emotions. (3 Credits)

This course will examine and evaluate competing theories of the emotions, their relation to evaluation or values, their relation to action, and their relation to moral judgment and decision-making.

Attributes: PGCA, PGME, PGVT.

PHIL 7580. Biopolitics and Necropolitics. (3 Credits)

Foucault, in The History of Sexuality, Volume 1, states that the 18th century witnessed the emergence of a new kind of power concerned with the control of life. This description of contemporary politics has given rise to rich debates on the question of the meaning of life and death in relation to political power: What kind of life is at stake in this description, and where is death in this account? What is the impact of race and gender in the analyses of power that Foucault provides? We will start with Foucault’s lecture courses from the Collège de France from 1976 to 1978, where he develops his accounts on biopower and security. We will then bring these in dialogue with other accounts that focus primarily on the role of death, or what has come to be called “necropolitics,” as a kind of power that is concerned with regulation of death in politics. Readings include work from Giorgio Agamben, Achille Mbembe, Jasbir Puar, Judith Butler, and Saidiya Hartman.

Attributes: PGCC, PGVT.

PHIL 7605. Philosophical Aesthetics. (3 Credits)

This course provides a general introduction to the study of philosophical aesthetics, with readings of works by figures from the history of Western philosophy up to today. Issues to be addressed might include the question of "art" itself, the meaning of the so-called "end of art," the role of the museum and gallery in the so-called "art world," the question of "high" and "low" art, feminist aesthetics, and environmental aesthetics.

Attributes: PGCC, PGVT.

PHIL 7650. Aristotelian Ethics. (3 Credits)

This course, "Arustotelian Ethics" is centrally concerned with Aristotle's book, "The Nicomachean Ethics." We will work through the book in detail, mostly in the order that the text is presented. Along the way, we shall examine some relevant secondary literature in the field.

Attributes: CEED, CEMP, PGAN.

PHIL 7664. Philosophy of Literature. (3 Credits)

Philosophy of Literature is devoted to studying the tensions and connections between philosophical analysis and the evocations and descriptions of literary experience. We will consider the philosophy of hermeneutics insofar as this grounds literary interpretation; the philosophical problems concerning the status of the author and the reader in respect to the generation of meaning; the ethics of literary representation; and the ontology of literary language. Our readings will be drawn from such sources as Gadamer, Sartre, Bachelard, Heidegger, iser, Natanson, Nehamas, Hamburger, and Blanchot.

Attributes: PGCC, PGVT.

PHIL 7675. Moral Genealogies. (3 Credits)

In this class, we will attempt to get clear on the nature and significance of genealogies of morality. Rather than read secondary literature on this subject, we will simply dive into several key works in the genre. We will start with Nietzsche’s On the Genealogy of Morals, proceeding to Alasdair MacIntyre’s After Virtue, Rousseau’s On the Origins of Inequality, Charles Mills’ The Racial Contract and Colin Koopman’s very recent How We Became Our Data. The aim is both to critically analyze these texts and to think, in a more abstract way, about what they can accomplish.

Attributes: PGOC, PGVT.

PHIL 7680. Classics of Analytic Ethics. (3 Credits)

In this course, we will conduct a close reading of two classic full-length books in 20th-century ethics. While they will be in the analytic tradition, the selected books will explore issues that are of broad interest, such as personhood and character, the content and authority of morality, and the nature of practical reasoning itself. This semester, we will read Christine Korsgaard's "The Sources of Normativity" and Bernard Williams' "Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy." The first work is a widely cited and highly original defense of Kantian morality, and the second work is a hugely influential attack on the idea of moral theory and on the social institution of morality itself.

Attributes: PGCA, PGVT.

PHIL 7730. Recent Work in Epistemology. (3 Credits)

This seminar will examine recent articles and books in contemporary epistemology. The seminar's themes will likely include: the nature of reasons and evidence, the challenge of skepticism, and the purpose of epistemological theorizing. The seminar's texts will feature perspectives from traditional, social, feminist, and virtue epistemology.

Attributes: PGCA, PGME.

PHIL 7752. Divine Providence. (3 Credits)

This course will offer an exploration of the analytic tradition's treatment of divine providence, focusing on traditional problems and contemporary solutions. The course would cover puzzles regarding free will and divine foreknowledge, along with Thomist, Molinist, Ockhamist, and Open Theist solutions to such problems. In so doing, the course will delve into contemporary debates on free will, grounding, modality, and propositions, as those debates determine what is an acceptable solution to questions about divine providence.

Attributes: PGCA, PGME.

PHIL 7758. Human Dignity. (3 Credits)

This seminar will focus on recent philosophical work on the concept of dignity. Issues discussed will include the connection between the idea of human dignity and equal status, the role of dignity in constitutional law, how various modes of social suffering and moral injury are tied to the concept of dignity, and the relation between the concepts of human dignity and human rights.

Attribute: PSJH.

PHIL 7760. Dimensions of Political Justice. (3 Credits)

An intensive introduction to key themes in contemporary analytic political philosophy, including contractarian and consequentialist theories of justice; human capabilities and other possible grounds for universal basic rights; collective action problems, market failures and public goods; other problems for libertarian conceptions of legitimate government (including equal opportunity, reward according to merit, and initial acquisition); and (time permitting) issues in global justice including globalizing democracy.

Attributes: CEED, CEMP, PGCA, PGVT, PSJH.

PHIL 7770. Philosophical Bioethics. (3 Credits)

Bioethics is an interdisciplinary, practical subject with a rich philosophical history. This course focuses on the philosophical arguments that have been made about moral and social problems in medicine, including issues in research ethics (e.g., clinical equipoise as a criterion for ethical human subjects research), clinical ethics (e.g., substituted judgment as a model of autonomous decision-making), and methods of bioethical reasoning (e.g., principlism vs. casuistry). Readings will include both classic and contemporary sources.

Attributes: PGOC, PGVT.

PHIL 7857. Topics in Contmp Metaphy. (3 Credits)

The full course title is "Topics in Contemporary Metaphysics." In this course one central topic of current work in analystic metaphysics will be investigated thoroughly. The topics change every time the class is offered.

Attributes: PGCA, PGME.

PHIL 8001. Sem: Phil Education. (3 Credits)

Detailed investigation of methods in the teaching of philosophy and preparation for teaching Fordham core courses.

PHIL 8050. Proseminar: Philosophy Research/Writing. (0 to 3 Credits)

A detailed study of methods for successful philosophical reseach and writing.

PHIL 8070. Professional Writing Seminar. (0 Credits)

This seminar is designed to assist advanced graduate students in Philosophy and prepare for successful academic careers doing research and publishing in Philosophy. Participants will meet regularly to discuss student work and strategies for effective professional writing and success in publishing. This will assist them in preparing articles for publication in professional philosophy journals as well as developing writing samples for job applications. The seminar will be open to PhD candidates who have successfully defended a dissertation proposal. Students may repeat the course.

PHIL 8999. Independent Study. (0.5 to 4 Credits)

PHIL 9999. Dissertation Direction. (1 Credit)

PHIL MTNC. Maintenance-Philosophy. (0 Credits)